spinal motor

Rovatirelin (S-0373) 是一种新合成的促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH）类似物，通过乙酰胆碱和多巴胺神经传递改善胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷诱导的脊髓小脑变性大鼠模型的运动功能障碍。

Triprolidine hydrochloride monohydrate 是一种组胺 H1 拮抗剂，用于过敏性鼻炎、哮喘。

MTP 131 acetate 是一种小的线粒体靶向四肽。

MP-010 是FKBP12配体，具有稳定RyR通道活性从而调节细胞质钙的功能。MP-010 可在 SOD1G93A 小鼠中改善肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS)，表现为运动协调改善、神经肌肉接头完整性增加以及脊髓运动神经元的存活率明显提高。该化合物适用于神经疾病研究。

Hh-Ag1.5 (SAG-1.5) 是一种高效的 Hedgehog (Hh) 激动剂(EC50： 1 nM)和Smoothened (Smo)受体激动剂，对Smo的 EC50 为 1 nM、 Ki值在 0.5 和 2.3 nM 之间。Hh-Ag1.5 介导的重编程打破了非损伤肝脏干细胞的静止状态，从而挽救了肝衰竭。Hh-Ag1.5 诱导 hiPSCs 分化为皮肤前体细胞、脊髓运动神经元和脊髓感觉神经元。

Rg3039 (PF-06687859) 是一种具有口服活性、能够透过血脑屏障的DcpS 抑制剂，其IC50=0.069 nM。

SMN2-Stablizer-27 is a stablizer of survival of motor neuron 2 (SMN2), and a post-translationally stablizing SMN protein for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

The Survival of Motor Neurons (SMN) protein participates in RNA splicing. Decreases in SMN, typically a consequence of defects in the smn1 gene, result in the death of motor neurons and lead to the neurodegenerative disease, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Cuspin-1 is a small molecule upregulator of SMN that has been shown in vitro to increase levels of SMN in SMA patient fibroblasts by 50% at 18 μM. Its mechanism of action is thought to involve increased phosphorylation of ERK to initiate Ras-Raf-MEK signaling, which results in an increased rate of SMN translation.

Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004). Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2 References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004).

L-AP4 (L-APB) monohydrate is a potent and specific agonist for the group III mGluRs, with EC50s of 0.13, 0.29, 1.0, 249 μM for mGlu4, mGlu8, mGlu6 and mGlu7 receptors, respectively[1][2]. L-AP4 (5-30 μg, intrathecal inhection 4-5 days) significantly increases the paw withdrawal threshold in response to application of von Frey filaments in eight nerve-ligated rats in a dose-dependent manner. Intrathecal administration of different doses of L-AP4 is not associated with any evident motor dysfunction[2].Intrathecal injection of 30 μg of L-AP4 does not significantly alter the paw withdrawal latency in these normal rats[2].Topical application of 5 to 50 μM L-AP4 to the spinal cord significantly inhibited the evoked response of neurons to touch, pressure, pinch, and von Frey filaments in a concentration-dependent fashion[2]. Animal Model: Rats.[2] [1]. Selvam C, et al. Increased Potency and Selectivity for Group III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists Binding at Dual sites. J Med Chem. 2018 Mar 8;61(5):1969-1989. [2]. Chen SR, et al. Distinct roles of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in control of nociception and dorsal horn neurons in normal and nerve-injured Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jan;312(1):120-6.

Branaplam (LMI 070) 是一种高效、选择性和口服活性的小分子 SMN2 剪接调节剂，对 SMN 的 EC50为 20 nM。它可提高全长 SMN 蛋白并延长其生存期，也抑制 hERG，IC50为 6.3 μM。

Triprolidine 是一种口服活性的组胺H1受体拮抗剂，可用于过敏性鼻炎的研究 。Triprolidine 具有脊髓运动和知觉阻止的作用。