spatial

Bucladesine sodium (DC2797) 是一种 cAMP 类似物，具有细胞渗透性。Bucladesine sodium 也是一种 cAMP 依赖性的蛋白激酶 (PKA) 激活剂，一种磷酸二酯 (PDE) 抑制剂。Bucladesine sodium 具有抗炎活性。

SB 202190 (FHPI) 是一种 p38 MAPK 抑制剂，可以抑制 p38α 和 p38β2 (IC50=50/100 nM)，具有选择性和细胞渗透性。SB 202190 具有抗肿瘤活性，还可以诱导人胚胎干细胞向心肌细胞分化。

CGP 35348 是 GABAB 受体的选择性拮抗剂 (EC50 = 34 μM)。 CGP 35348 可用于研究白化新生小鼠脑损伤后的神经肌肉协调和空间学习。

Ginsenoside Rg1 (Panaxoside Rg1) 是人参的主要活性成分之一，可减少NF-κB 核易位。它改善认知功能受损，通过降低大脑Aβ水平来发挥作用。

3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)能将生物分子固定在硅基材料上，如Si3N4，同时作为间隔物，为固定的生物分子提供空间自由度和更高的活性，从而构建生物传感、识别等分析平台。

Amylose（直链淀粉）是一种由α-D-葡萄糖单元组成的多糖，通过α(1→4)糖苷键连接，占淀粉总量的约20%。Amylose空间构象卷曲为螺旋形，与碘形成蓝色复合物，在食品工业中广泛应用，作为天然产品和生化试剂可用于各种研究。

H-89 是一种具有选择性和高效性的蛋白激酶 A 抑制剂（IC50：48 nM），是一种候选的心脏保护剂，可诱导大鼠的空间学习障碍，可用于研究心肌梗死。

RMC-6291 是一种可口服且具有高效性的 KRASG12C(ON) 抑制剂，具有抗癌抗肿瘤活性，通过空间阻断 RAS 效应子结合来发挥作用。RMC-6291 阻断 ERK 信号传导，促使 KRASG12C 突变 H358 细胞凋亡。

ZIP acetate(863987-12-6 free base) 是一种新型的细胞渗透性蛋白激酶 Mζ (PKMζ) 抑制剂，它是一种参与 LTP 维持的组成型活性非典型 PKC 同工酶。在体外选择性阻断 PKMζ 诱导的海马切片突触增强。逆转晚期 LTP (IC50 = 1 - 2.5 μM) 并在体内中央给药后导致 1 天前的空间记忆持续丧失。

(S)-MCPG ((+)-MCPG) 是一种 I II 类代谢型谷氨酸受体 (mGluRs) 拮抗剂，可阻断大鼠的空间学习和体内齿状回的长期增强，可用于研究神经系统疾病。

Adekalant（又名H 345 52）是一种新型抗心律失常化合物，具有低促心律失常活性。该化合物浓度依赖性地阻断HERG携带的电流，其半抑制浓度（IC50）为230 nM。Adekalant优先与开放状态的通道结合，并显示出异常快的动力学特性，通道关闭时被捕获。在方波脉冲和动作电位夹持协议期间观察到Adekalant的电压独立行为。研究提出，通过阻断I(Kr)来延迟人类心肌的复极是Adekalant发挥作用的主要机制。Adekalant高效阻断I(Kr)，相对较低效地阻断I(Ca)，且能延迟心室复极，而不会显著增加时间或空间的离散度，也不诱发早期后除极或TdP。

AChE BChE-IN-25 (Compound 6e) 是一种口服有效的hAChE和eqBChE抑制剂，其IC50分别为7.9 nM和0.79 nM。AChE BChE-IN-25 具有抗氧化活性，能够清除自由基，IC50为22.91 μM。此化合物通过降低果蝇阿尔茨海默症模型中的线粒体和细胞氧化应激体现神经保护作用，并能改善小鼠模型中Scopolamine引起的空间和认知记忆障碍。

hAChE hBuChE-IN-1（compound C2）为胆碱酯酶双重抑制剂，其对hAChE和hBuChE的IC50值分别为514 nM和358 nM。hAChE hBuChE-IN-1具有口服活性，并能增强认知功能和空间记忆。

β-CCM 是一种苯二氮䓬受体逆激动剂，具有促进焦虑和惊厥的作用。β-CCM 能提高情绪反应性，并减少在空间工作记忆任务中的干扰敏感性。β-CCM 可用于研究与焦虑相关的疾病。

Notch signaling pathway activator; enhances the self-renewal capability of neural stem cells (NSCs) via Notch signaling pathway activation in vitro and in vivo. Promotes the expression of Notch target genes, Hes3 and Hes5. Expands the NSCs pool and promotes endogenous neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) after chronic administration in mice. Increases the spatial and episodic memory in mice.

Guanfacine-13C,15N3is intended for us as an internal standard for the quantification of guanfacine by GC- or LC-MS. Guanfacine is an α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist with Kivalues of 93, 1,380, and 3,890 nM for α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-ARs, respectively, in a radioligand binding assay.1It has EC50values of 52, 288, and 602 nM for α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-ARs, respectively, for stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding. It also binds to imidazoline receptor 1 (Ki= 19 nM in a radioligand binding assay).2Guanfacine (0.3-5 mg kg) binds to adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system and lowers blood pressure in hypertensive rats in a dose-dependent manner.3It also improves spatial working memory deficits induced by hypobaric hypoxia in rats.4Formulations containing guanfacine are used in the treatment of high blood pressure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 1.Jasper, J.R., Lesnick, J.D., Chang, L.K., et al.Ligand efficacy and potency at recombinant α2 adrenergic receptors: Agonist-mediated [35S]GTPγS bindingBiochem. Pharmacol.55(7)1035-1043(1998) 2.Nikolic, K., Filipic, S., and Agbaba, D.QSAR study of imidazoline antihypertensive drugsBioorg. Med. Chem.16(15)7134-7140(2008) 3.Scholtysik, G.Pharmacology of guanfacineBr. J. Clin. Pharmacol.10(Suppl 1)21S-24S(1980) 4.Kauser, H., Sahu, S., Kumar, S., et al.Guanfacine is an effective countermeasure for hypobaric hypoxia-induced cognitive declineNeuroscience254110-119(2013)

para-amino-Blebbistatin is a more water-soluble form of (S)-4'-nitro-blebbistatin , which is a more stable and less phototoxic form of (-)-blebbistatin .1,2,3 (-)-Blebbistatin is a selective cell-permeable inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II ATPases that rapidly and reversibly inhibits Mg-ATPase activity and in vitro motility of non-muscle myosin IIA and IIB for several species (IC50s = 0.5-5 μM), while poorly inhibiting smooth muscle myosin (IC50 = 80 μM).2,3,4 Through these effects, it blocks apoptosis-related bleb formation, directed cell migration, and cytokinesis in vertebrate cells. However, prolonged exposure to blue light (450-490 nm) results in degradation of blebbistatin to an inactive product via cytotoxic intermediates, which may be problematic for its use in fluorescent live cell imaging applications.5,6 The addition of a 4'-amino group increases its water solubility, decreases the inherent fluorescence, stabilizes the molecule to circumvent its degradation by prolonged blue light exposure, and decreases its phototoxicity while retaining the in vitro and in vivo activity of blebbistatin.7 para-amino-Blebbistatin has the same stereochemistry as the active (-)-blebbistatin enantiomer. |1. Várkuti, B.H., Képiró, M., Horváth, I.á., et al. A highly soluble, non-phototoxic, non-fluorescent blebbistatin derivative. Sci. Rep. 6:26141, (2016).|2. Straight, A.F., Cheung, A., Limouze, J., et al. Dissecting temporal and spatial control of cytokinesis with a myosin II inhibitor. Science 299(5613), 1743-1747 (2003).|3. Kovács, M., Tóth, J., Hetényi, C., et al. Mechanism of blebbistatin inhibition of myosin II. J. Biol. Chem. 279(34), 35557-35563 (2004).|4. Limouze, J., Straight, A.F., Mitchison, T., et al. Specificity of blebbistatin, an inhibitor of myosin II. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 25(4-5), 337-341 (2004).|5. Kolega, J. Phototoxicity and photoinactivation of blebbistatin in UV and visible light. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 320(3), 1020-1025 (2004).|6. Sakamoto, T., Limouze, J., Combs, C.A., et al. Blebbistatin, a myosin II inhibitor, is photoinactivated by blue light. Biochemistry 44(2), 584-588 (2005).|7. Verhasselt, S., Roman, B.I., Bracke, M.E., et al. Improved synthesis and comparative analysis of the tool properties of new and existing D-ring modified (S)-blebbistatin analogs. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 136, 85-103 (2017).

Negative control for st-Ht31 . Gorshkov et al (2017) AKAP-mediated feedback control of cAMP gradients in developing hippocampal neurons. Nat.Chem.Biol. 13 425 PMID:28192412 |Vijayaraghavan et al (1997) Protein kinase A-anchoring inhibitor peptides arrest mammalian sperm motility. J.Biol.Chem. 272 4747 PMID:9030527 |Vincent et al (2017) Signaling: Spatial regulation of axonal cAMP. Nat.Chem.Biol. 13 348 PMID:28328917

Amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ42) is a neurotoxic 42-amino acid protein fragment found in amyloid plaques in postmortem cerebral cortex from patients with Alzheimer's disease.1,2,3Aggregation of Aβ42 results in the formation of neurotoxic fibrils or globular oligomers.1Aβ42 accumulates in the brain of many transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and, in many models, the onset of amyloid deposition positively correlates with deficits in spatial learning and memory.4 1.Wolfe, M.S.Therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's diseaseNat. Rev. Drug Discov.1(11)859-866(2002) 2.Iwatsubo, T., Odaka, A., Suzuki, N., et al.Visualization of Aβ42(43) and Aβ40 in senile plaques with end-specific Aβ monoclonals: Evidence that an initially deposited species is Aβ42(43)Neuron13(1)45-53(1994) 3.Hardy, J.A., and Higgins, G.A.Alzheimer's disease: The amyloid cascade hypothesisScience256(5054)184-185(1992) 4.Jankowsky, J.L., and Zheng, H.Practical considerations for choosing a mouse model of Alzheimer's diseaseMol. Neurodegener.12(1)89(2017)

ω-Hydroxy-DEET, a significant metabolite of the insect repellent N-N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), exhibits anti-proliferative properties. DEET, renowned for being a spatial repellent and irritant, is frequently employed to deter mosquito contact.

Yhhu-3792 激活 Notch 信号通路并促进 Hes3 和 Hes5 的表达。Yhhu-3792 增强神经干细胞 (NSC) 的自我更新能力，扩大了 NSC 池并促进了小鼠海马齿状回部分 (DG) 的内源性神经形成。Yhhu-3792 可提高小鼠的情景和空间记忆能力。 Yhhu-3792 在记忆障碍相关 DG 功能障碍中具有研究潜力。

CY208-243 is a D1 agonist. CY208-243 attenuates the pattern electroretinogram to low spatial frequency stimuli in the monkey. CY208-243 stimulates adenylate cyclase in rat striatal homogenates with an EC50 of 125 nM. CY208,243 was superior in improving the strength of neuronal outcome sensitivity to the working memory-related choice behavior in the T-maze.

Artemisinin B is a drug which may improve spatial memory in dementia patients and alter the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and the cortex. Artemisinin B may inhibit neuroinflammation and exert neuroprotective effects on cognitive functions by modulating the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway. Artemisinin B has shown potential in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.

Nrf2 activator-8（化合物 10e）作为一种效能显著的Nrf2激活剂（EC50=37.9 nM），在BV-2微神经胶质细胞中展现出优异的抗氧化及抗炎效应。此外，Nrf2 activator-8可有效逆转脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠神经炎症模型中的空间记忆缺失。