Thienopyridone is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) phosphatase(IC50s of 173 nM, 277 nM and 128 nM for PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3, respectively), and induces p130Cas cleavage and apoptosis and has anticancer effects.
Harzianopyridone is an atpenin-like compound that functions as an inhibitor of mammalian and nematode mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.017, 0.2, and 2 μM against bovine, rat, and nematode complex II, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits nematode quinol-fumarate reductase (QFR) with an IC50 value of 0.36 μM. Significantly selective for complex II over complexes I and III in rats and cattle, as well as complex I in nematodes, with IC50 values exceeding 100 μM, it exhibits notable antibacterial and antifungal properties, with EC50 values of 35.9, 42.2, 60.4, and 50.2 μg ml against R. solani, S. rolfsii, M. phaseolina, and F. oxysporum, respectively.
ABT-255 is a novel 2-pyridone antimicrobial agent for the treatment of tuberculosis. Both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
Iromycin A is a bacterial pyridone metabolite that inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, with selectivity for NOS III (endothelial NOS) over NOS I (neuronal NOS). Iromycin metabolites and derivatives block NADH oxidation in beef heart submitochondrial particles (IC50 = 0.461 μM for iromycin A).