3'-sulfo Galactosylsphingosine is a form of sulfatide that is lacking the fatty acyl group. It decreases migration and adhesion of B35 neuroblastoma cells and increases cell rounding when used at a concentration of 20 μM. It also inhibits PKC and cytochrome c oxidase activity when used at concentrations of 150 and 50-100 μM, respectively. 3'-sulfo Galactosylsphingosine accumulates in patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by arylsulfatase A (ASA) deficiency leading to progressive demyelination and neuromotor deficits. In mice lacking ASA, levels of 3'-sulfo galactosylsphingosine increase after one month of age followed by demyelination and neuromotor deficits. 3'-sulfo Galactosylsphingosine has been used as a standard for the quantification of 3'-sulfo galactosylsphingosine by LC-MS.
6-Aminophenanthridine is an antiprion agent. It inhibits prion formation in yeast- and mammalian-based screening assays when used alone and, to a greater extent, when used in combination with the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist guanabenz . 6-Aminophenanthridine (300 μM) inhibits protein folding activity of the ribosome (PFAR) by directly competing with protein substrates for the active site and decreases the yield of refolded protein without affecting the refolding rate. It prevents progressive wing position defects in a Drosophila model of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) when larvae are raised on medium containing doses ranging from 300 to 400 μM and in adults following dietary administration of 1-3 mM doses. 6-Aminophenanthridine also reduces muscle degeneration and decreases the number of nuclear inclusions in thoracic muscle in a Drosophila model of OPMD.
Ezeprogind (AZP-2006) is an orally active neurotrophic inducer that effectively addresses the underlying factors contributing to neurodegeneration, with a broad scope extending beyond the conventional targets like Abeta protein and tau protein. Exhibiting potent neuroprotective properties, Ezeprogind is a valuable tool for studying a range of neurological disorders, including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), tauopathies, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and others.
Ganglioside GD3 is synthesized by the addition of two sialic acid residues to lactosylceramide and can serve as a precursor to the formation of more complex gangliosides by the action of glycosyl- and sialyltransferases. It induces apoptosis in HuT-78 cutaneous T cell lymphoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner and disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential when used at a concentration of 200 μM. Expression of ganglioside GD3 in GD3-negative SK-MEL-28-N1 malignant melanoma cells increases both cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Ganglioside GD3-deficient adult mice exhibit progressive loss of the neural stem cell (NSC) pool and impaired neurogenesis. Ganglioside GD3 mixture contains ganglioside GD3 molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.