non-enzymatic

7α-Hydroxycholesterol 是一种由酶促氧化和非酶促氧化形成的胆固醇氧化物，可用作脂质过氧化的生物标志物。

5-A-RU (5-Amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil)是核黄素生物合成的早期中间体，存在于多种细菌和酵母以及植物中。5-A-RU也是一种粘膜相关不变 T （MAIT） 细胞激活剂，通过与来自其他代谢途径的小分子的非酶促反应形成有效的MAIT激活抗原。

Etravirine (R165335) 是一种非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂，具有抗 HIV 的作用。

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds that are produced through non-enzymatic chemical reactions when sugars bond with proteins or lipids, occurring in conditions such as diabetes, uremia, aging, and rheumatic arthritis. A specific receptor, known as RAGE, interacts with select AGEs to trigger cell signaling. Pentosidine, a prominently studied natural AGE, serves as a common biomarker for assessing AGE production. Although pentosidine levels can be determined through urine analysis, it is predominantly broken down prior to excretion.

(±)15-HEDE is produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of 11,14-eicosadienoic acid. There are no reports in the literature of biological activity associated with (±)15-HEDE.

(±)9-HEPE is produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of EPA. It contains equal amounts of 9(S)-HEPE and 9(R)-HEPE. The biological activity of (±)9-HEPE has not been clearly documented.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds formed by non-enzymatic chemical reactions following the bonding of sugars to proteins or lipids during diabetes, uremia, aging, rheumatic arthritis, and other conditions. A receptor for the AGEs (RAGE) binds certain members of this class to initiate cell signaling.[1][2] Pentosidine is a well-characterized natural AGE that is often used as a biomarker for the production of all AGEs. While pentosidine can be measured in urine, the majority of this AGE is catabolized before excretion.[3] Reference：[1]. Neeper, M., Schmidt, A.M., Brett, J., et al. Cloning and expression of a cell surface receptor for advanced glycosylation end products of proteins. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 267(21), 14998-15004 (1992).[2]. Brett, J., Schmidt, A.M., Yan, S.D., et al. Survey of the distribution of a newly characterized receptor for advanced glycation end products in tissues. American Journal of Pathology 143(6), 1699-1712 (1993).[3]. Miyata, T., Ueda, Y., Horie, K., et al. Renal catabolism of advanced glycation end products: The fate of pentosidine. Kidney International 53, 416-422 (1998).

Pulcherriminic acid 是环状二肽抗菌剂，对Fe3+有高亲和力，主要在芽孢杆菌和酵母中发现。该化合物通过非酶促反应与铁离子螯合，生成细胞外红色素pulcherrimin，通过竞争铁营养达到抗菌效果。Pulcherriminic acid 在食品、农业和医疗等领域具有广泛应用潜力。

RECQL5-IN-1 是口服具有活力的 RECQL5 抑制剂 (靶向酶域和非酶域)，是有效的 RECQL5 解旋酶活性抑制剂 (IC50为 46.3 nM)。RECQL5-IN-1 能够抑制 RECQL5-WT 细胞 (IC50: 4.8 μM) 和 RECQL5-KO2 细胞 (IC50: 19.6 μM)。RECQL5-IN-1 能够用于研究乳腺癌。

3-Methylglutaconic acid 是MGTA (3-甲基戊二酸尿症) 的主要积累代谢物，能够诱发脂质和蛋白质的氧化损伤，减弱大脑皮层上清液的非酶促抗氧化防御，导致氧化应激。此化合物适用于研究大脑损伤相关疾病。

(±)9-HODE is one of the two racemic monohydroxy fatty acids resulting from the non-enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid. Approximately equal proportions of both isomers are found in mitochondrial and plasma membranes of rabbit reticulocytes. [1][2] Oxidized LDL contains significant amounts of esterified 9- and 13-HpODEs and HODEs. [3][4]

7-Biopterin is a 7-substituted pterin.1It is formed by non-enzymatic rearrangement of 4a-hydroxy-tetrahydropterin in the absence of pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase (PCD)in vitroand levels are elevated in the urine of hyperphenylalaninemia patients carrying heterozygous mutations in the PCBD gene encoding PCD.1,2

(±)14-HDHA是一种羟基二十二碳六烯酸，是DHA在细胞内通过酶促或非酶促反应生成的氧化代谢物，是15-PGDH的特异性底物之一并且可以被进一步氧化为具有抗炎性的14-oxoDHA，在原代肺泡巨噬细胞中，14-HDoHE 本身也能显著抑制 LPS 诱导的 IL-6 mRNA 表达，可能与哮喘等炎症性疾病有关。

(±)5-HETE, a monohydroxy fatty acid, emerges from the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid and is one of six such derivatives. Its methyl ester variant exhibits no unique biological activity and serves as a provided standard. This methyl ester can also be present in oxidatively degraded polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) methyl esters.

8-iso Prostaglandin F2β (8-iso PGF2β) is an isomer of PGF2α of non-enzymatic origin. It is one of 64 possible isomers of PGF2α which can be produced by free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid. 8-iso PGF2β exhibits very weak contraction of human umbilical vein artery and does not promote aggregation of human whole blood. However, 8-iso PGF2β moderately contracts both the canine and porcine pulmonary vein, although the effect is much weaker than that exhibited by other isoprostanes such as 8-iso PGE1, 8-iso PGE2, or 8-iso PGF2α. 8-iso-15-keto PGF2β is a potential metabolite of 8-iso PGF2β via the 15-hydroxy PG dehydrogenase pathway. There are no published reports on the formation or biological activity of 8-iso-15-keto PGF2β.

(±)12-HEPE is produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of EPA. It contains equal amounts of 12(S)-HEPE and 12(R)-HEPE. The biological activity of (±)12-HEPE is likely mediated by one of the individual isomers, most commonly the 12(S) isomer in mammalian systems. 12-HEPE inhibits platelet aggregation with the same potency as 12-HETE, exhibiting IC50 values of 24 and 25 µM, respectively. [1] These compounds are also equipotent as inhibitors of U46619-induced contraction of rat aorta (IC50s = 8.6-8.8 µM).[2]

8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI, an isoprostane, arises from non-enzymatic, free radical-induced peroxidation of membrane lipids. It is the predominant isoprostane formed during lipid peroxidation and serves as a biomarker for oxidative stress. Detectable in hepatic tissue post CCl4-induced oxidative damage, 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI levels are also elevated in the urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer’s disease patients.

2,3-dinor-8-iso Prostaglandin F1α（2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF1α）是一种异前列腺素和花生四烯酸的活性代谢物，也是血小板聚集抑制剂8-iso PGF2α的产物。它通过花生四烯酸的非酶促自由基过氧化作用形成。2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF1α在孤立的猪视网膜和大脑微血管中引起血管收缩（EC50s分别为12.8和18.5 nM），但在31 µM的浓度下使用时不会引起孤立的大鼠主动脉环的收缩。在1 µM的浓度下使用时，它能增加孤立的猪大脑切片中的血栓素B2（TXB2）水平，这一效应可以通过血栓素A合成酶抑制剂CGS 12970、电压门控钙通道抑制剂SKF 96365或烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAChR）拮抗剂α-conotoxin来逆转。

LV-320 是一种有效且非竞争性的ATG4B 抑制剂，其IC50值为 24.5 μM，Kd 值为 16 μM。 LV-320 抑制ATG4B 的酶促活性，阻断细胞自噬，并且稳定无毒，在体内具有活性。

(±)8-HEPE is produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of EPA. It contains equal amounts of 8(S)-HEPE and 8(R)-HEPE. The ability of (±)8-HEPE to induce hatching of E. modestus and B. balanoides eggs is probably due to the presence of the 8(R) isomer within the racemic mixture.[1][2] Reference：[1]. Shing, T.K.M., Gibson, K.H., Wiley, J.R., et al. First total synthesis of a barnacle hatching factor 8(R)-hydroxy-eicosa-5(Z),9(E),11(Z)-pentaenoic acid. Tetrahedron Letters 35, 1067-1070 (1994).[2]. Hill, E.M., and Holland, D.L. Identification and egg hatching activity of monohydroxy fatty acid eicosanoids in the barnacle Balanus balanoides. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B.Biological Sciences 247, 41-46 (1991).

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) compounds are produced by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes. The products of enzymatic origin, via Leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolase, are stereospecifically 12(R). Non-enzymatic hydrolysis products are 50:50 mixtures at C-12, but are almost exclusively trans at C-6. Thus, the non-enzymatic hydrolysis product of LTA4 is 6-trans-12-epi LTB4. 12-epi LTB4 is an isomer which would not be expected to occur in either non-enzymatic hydrolysis products, or in the enzymatic products of LTA4 hydrolase. Compared to LTB4, 12-epi LTB4 has significantly reduced activity for the LTB4 receptor on human neutrophils (IC50 of 7.5 mM), and on guinea pig lung membranes with a (Ki of 4.7 mM). 12-epi LTB4 is an weak agonist at both the recombinant human BLT1 and BLT2 receptors, requiring approximately 10 mM for full activation of the receptor.

(±)18-HEPE is produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of EPA. It contains equal amounts of 18(S)-HEPE and 18(R)-HEPE. Specific biological activity attributed to (±)18-HEPE has not been documented.

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (LGM2605) 在铁过载诱导的氧化还原炎症损伤的体外模型中具有细胞保护作用。 Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside(25 mg kg b.w.) 通过抑制 ROS 水平介导的酶和非酶抗氧化剂水平升高来防止肝脏受到过氧化损伤，从而发挥抗高血糖作用。

EP652 (compound 56) 在抑制METTL3酶活性方面表现出高效能，其在SPA、细胞内和ATPlite测定中的IC50分别为2 nM、< 10 nM和37 nM。EP652 对非实体和实体肿瘤研究具有重要意义。