Ethyl L-leucinate HCl has been used as a hypertrophic agent to monitor its effects on myotubes and has also been used as a component of PMG media for culturing yeast.
NIR-O2˙– is a NIR NIR O2˙– probe which displays superior sensitivity to NIR O2˙– and has the capability to monitor trace amounts of intracellular NIR O2˙– in AKI in vivo.
4-carboxy TEMPO is a nitroxide and spin label. Nitroxides such as 4-carboxy TEMPO react with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can be used with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to monitor ROS production in vivo., It has also been used to study flavin-photosensitized damage in inner mitochondrial membranes.
Pal-KTTKS is a lipidated pentapeptide consisting of a fragment of the type I collagen C-terminal propeptide conjugated to palmitic acid .1 It increases collagen production in human corneal and dermal fibroblasts when used at concentrations of 0.002, 0.004, and 0.008 wt%.2 Following topical administration, pal-KTTKS (50 μg/cm2) is found in the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis of isolated hairless mouse skin.1 It can self-assemble into flat tapes and extended fibrillar structures.3 Pal-KTTKS has been detected in anti-wrinkle creams.4 |1. Choi, Y.L., Park, E.J., Kim, E., et al. Dermal stability and in vitro skin permeation of collagen pentapeptides (KTTKS and palmitoyl-KTTKS). Biomol. Ther. (Seoul) 22(4), 321-327 (2014).|2. Jones, R.R., Castelletto, V., Connon, C.J., et al. Collagen stimulating effect of peptide amphiphile C16-KTTKS on human fibroblasts. Mol. Pharm. 10(3), 1063-1069 (2013).|3. Castelletto, V., Hamley, I.W., Whitehouse, C., et al. Self-assembly of palmitoyl lipopeptides used in skin care products. Langmuir 29(29), 9149-9155 (2013).|4. Chirita, R.-I., Chaimbbault, P., Archambault, J.-C., et al. Development of a LC-MS/MS method to monitor palmitoyl peptides content in anti-wrinkle cosmetics. Anal. Chim. Acta 641(1-2), 95-100 (2009).
MXS is a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for hypochlorous acid (HOCl).1It selectively fluoresces in the presence of OCl-over O2, H2O2, NO, NO2-, NO3-, O2-, ONOO-, and OH when used at a concentration of 10 μM. MXS has been used to monitor real-time mitochondrial HOCl levels in living cells. It displays excitation/emission maxima of 530/654 nm, respectively.