Tebuconazole-d9 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tebuconazole by GC- or LC-MS. Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide that is active against both seed and foliar fungi. It inhibits 14α-demethylase isolated from U. maydis and S. bicolor with IC50 values of 0.05 and 0.16 nM, respectively. It inhibits the androgenic effect of the androgen receptor agonist DHT (IC20 = 2.89 µM) and is cytotoxic (EC20 = 38.9 µM) in an MDA-kb2 assay. Tebuconazole (50 and 100 mg kg per day) administered during gestation reduces testosterone levels and increases testicular levels of progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in male rat fetuses. It has a feminizing effect on male pups and a virializing effect on female pups. When administered to rats gestationally through postnatal day 42, tebuconazole (20 and 60 mg kg per day) leads to cell death of pyramidal cells in the CA3-4 region of the hippocampus and layer V of the cortex concomitant with impairment in learning......
Uridine-3'-monophosphate is a nucleoside used in the biochemical synthesis of ribothymidine-3'-phosphate. It has been used as a bioavailable source of uridine in research studies designed to enhance learning and memory.
BChE-IN-4 is a highly potent inhibitor of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase, capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. It effectively reduces learning and memory impairments resulting from a deficiency in cholinergic activity in a mouse model. BChE-IN-4 holds promise for further investigation in the field of Alzheimer's disease research [1].
Betamethasone 21-phosphate is a synthetic glucocorticoid.1It prevents increases in macrophage and eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreases in blood leukocyte numbers in a guinea pig model of parainfluenza-3 viral infection when administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg but does not prevent airway hyperresponsiveness after infection.2Betamethasone 21-phosphate inhibits cell infiltration into the aqueous humor in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis when administered topically or subcutaneously at doses of 0.01-1% or 1 mg/kg, respectively.3It increases maximal lung pressure volume curves in fetal sheep when administered to pregnant ewes at 0.75 gestation at doses of 80 and 170 μg/kg.1Betamethasone 21-phosphate increases body weight, impairs learning and memory, increases anxiolytic behavior, and reduces hippocampal neurogenesis in CD-1 mice but reduces body weight and increases neurogenesis with no effect on anxiety in high-anxiety DBA/2 mice when administered at a dose of approximately 25 mg/kg per day in the drinking water for seven weeks.4Formulations containing betamethasone 12-phosphate and betamethasone acetate have been used in the treatment of severe allergic conditions and a variety of immune-related conditions. 1.Loehle, M., Schwab, M., Kadner, S., et al.Dose-response effects of betamethasone on maturation of the fetal sheep lungAm. J. Obstet. Gynecol.202(2)186.e181-186.e187(2010) 2.Leusink-Muis, A., Ten Broeke, R., Folkerts, G., et al.Betamethasone prevents virus-induced airway inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigsClin. Exp. Allergy29(Suppl. 2)82-85(1999) 3.Tsuji, F., Sawa, K., Kato, M., et al.The effects of betamethasone derivatives on endotoxin-induced uveitis in ratExp. Eye Res.64(1)31-36(1997) 4.Aiello, R., Crupi, R., Leo, A., et al.Long-term betamethasone 21-phosphate disodium treatment has distinct effects in CD1 and DBA/2 mice on animal behavior accompanied by opposite effects on neurogenesisBehav. Brain Res.278155-166(2015)