ionomycin

Ionomycin 是一种钙离子载体和一种结合钙离子(Ca2+)的抗生素。Ionomycin主要作用是通过增加细胞内钙离子浓度来诱导细胞反应。在实验中，Ionomycin通常用于激活钙依赖性过程，如细胞凋亡、酶活性等。

Ionomycin calcium (SQ23377 calcium) 是一种有效的，选择性的钙离子载体 (calcium ionophore)，对二价阳离子具有高度特异性 (Ca>Mg>Sr=Ba)。

Cationomycin 对革兰氏阳性菌和分枝杆菌有抑制作用，但对革兰氏阴性菌、酵母菌和真菌无效。在饲料中添加 50~100ppm 的 Cationomycin 可以有效地抑制鸡球虫病。

NKH477 （Colforsin dapropate hydrochloride) 是一种毛喉素衍生物，具有抗抑郁活性，通过对离子霉素敏感的储存位点的作用抑制 ACh 诱导的 Ca2 + 动员。NKH477 是一种腺苷酸环化酶激活剂，具有支气管松弛作用，可抑制 CTL 的产生、MLR 中 T 细胞增殖以及 MLR 中 IL-2 的产生和有丝分裂原反应。

Gliovirin is a fungal metabolite that has been found inT. harzianumand has fungicidal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.1It is active against the plant pathogenic fungusP. ultimum(MIC = 60 ng/ml) and the parasiteT. brucei brucei(IC50= 90 ng/ml), but has no effect on the plant pathogenic fungiR. solani,P. omnivorum,T. basicola,R. arrhizus, andV. dahliaeor the bacteriaB. thuringiensis,P. fluorescens, andX. malvacearumwhen used at concentrations up to 1,000 ng/ml.2,3Gliovirin decreases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)- and ionomycin-induced increased expression of COX-2 (IC50= 1 μM) and protein levels of IL-2 in Jurkat cells (IC50= 5.2 μM).1 1.Rether, J., Serwe, A., Anke, T., et al.Inhibition of inducible tumor necrosis factor-α expression by the fungal epipolythiodiketopiperazine gliovirinBiol. Chem.388(6)627-637(2007) 2.Howell, C.R., and Stipanovic, R.D.Gliovirin, a new antibiotic from Gliocladium virens, and its role in the biological control of Pythium ultimumCan. J. Microbiol.29(3)321-324(1983) 3.Iwatsuki, M., Otoguro, K., Ishiyama, A., et al.In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of 12 low-molecular-weight antibiotics and observations of structure/activity relationshipsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)63(10)619-622(2010)