initial

3-Phenylbutyric acid 从堆肥土壤中分离出 Rhodococcus rhodochrous PB1，通过苯环的初始氧化和侧链的初始氧化进行代谢。

Fomepizole (4-Methylpyrazole) 是细胞色素 P450 (CYP2E1) 抑制剂。它是乙醇脱氢酶 (alcohol dehydrogenase) 竞争性抑制剂。它能够阻断甲醇和乙二醇进一步转化为有毒代谢产物。它具有成为乙二醇或甲醇中毒的解毒剂的潜力。

HOOCCH2O-PEG4-CH2COOH (compound 5), is a symmetric polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. It is primarily utilized in the synthesis of the initial Homo-PROTAC[1] compound.

Nonaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (Polidocanol) 是一种非离子表面活性剂和聚乙二醇清洁剂，可用于蛋白质分离和纯化，以及用于形成初始聚结的 O W 乳剂液滴。

NLRP3-IN-45 (D6) 作为一种特效的NLRP3炎症小体活化抑制剂，具有显著降低 IL-1β 活性的功能，其 IC50 值为41.79 nM。该化合物通过阻断NLRP3炎症小体的后期激活过程来发挥作用，而不会干扰其活化的初始阶段。在LPS引发的急性肺损伤（ALI）小鼠模型实验中，NLRP3-IN-45 显著特异性地抑制了NLRP3炎症小体的激活。

NLRP3-IN-51（Compound 3q）作为一种高效的胆碱能抗炎通路（CAP）激活剂，显示了在THP-1细胞中抑制由尿酸钠（MSU）诱导的IL-1β产生，有助于抗痛风性关节炎。该化合物同样抑制了MSU诱导的NF-κBp65磷酸化，而对NLRP3、pro-caspase 1以及caspase-1的自我裂解与激活则无明显影响。据此，NLRP3-IN-51在CAP的激活下有效抑制NLRP3的活化初期。

7α,24(S)-Dihydroxycholesterol ((3β,7α,24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3,7,24-triol) 作为肝X受体 (LXR) 的配体，能特异性地与 LXRα 及 LXRβ 的配体结合域相结合。此化合物通过 E-α,β-烯酮的合成途径制备，使用砷叶立德和 J-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-双正-5-胆烯醛作为起始反应物，经过多步反应转化最终得到 7α,24(S)-Dihydroxycholesterol。

ADWX 1 TFA 是一种新型肽类化合物，以1.89 pM的IC50强效抑制Kv1.3。该化合物特异性地抑制Kv1.3通道的活性，阻断初始钙信号传导和NF-κB的激活。在大鼠模型中，ADWX 1 TFA能有效改善experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)的症状。此外，该化合物广泛应用于研究T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病。

ACP6-12是一种ClpP激活剂和抗生素。与初始化合物ACP1-06相比，其活性提升超过10倍，且通过ClpP的共晶X射线结构验证了其预期的结合构象。这为不同配体类别如何结合到疏水结合位点提供了参考。

PX-12 (PX12) 是一种可逆的硫氧还蛋白-1(Trx-1)抑制剂，能够抑制 MCF-7 细胞(IC50:1.9 μM)和HT-29 细胞(IC50:2.9 μM)的生长。

Afeletecan is a water-soluble camptothecin derivative. Afeletecan stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex and forms an enzyme-drug-DNA ternary complex. Both the initial cleavage reaction and religation steps are inhibited and subsequent collis

SNAP-7941 is a selective antagonist of the melanin concentrating hormone receptor MCH1 with promising anxiolytic, antidepressant and anorectic effects in initial animal studies.

Corydine is the adrenolytic and weak cholinergic agent, it shows antimicrobial, and antineoplastic activities. Corydine shows irritant and respiratory stimulant and CNS depressant activities. Injected intravenously in rabbits corydine produced an initial

Ac-RGK(Ac)-AMC, fluorogenic substrate for assaying histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in a two-step enzymatic reaction. The assay consists of the initial lysine deacetylation by HDAC followed by the release of the fluorescent group by trypsin.

CXCR3 antagonist 6c is an antagonist of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3).1It inhibits calcium mobilization induced by chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (CXCL11) in HEK293 cells expressing the human receptor (IC50= 0.06 μM). It is selective for CXCR3 over a panel of 14 human G protein-coupled receptors at 10 μM. CXCR3 antagonist 6c inhibits CXCR3-mediated migration of isolated human T cells (IC50= ~100 nM). 1.Cole, A.G., Stroke, I.L., Brescia, M.-R., et al.Identification and initial evaluation of 4-N-aryl-[1,4]diazepane ureas as potent CXCR3 antagonistsBioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.16(1)200-203(2006)

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a dihydroxy fatty acid derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-LO pathway. It promotes a number of leukocyte functions including aggregation, stimulation of ion fluxes, enhancement of lysosomal enzyme release, superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis. 12-oxo LTB4 is an initial metabolite of LTB4 formed via the LTB4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase pathway. It is rapidly converted to 10,11-dihydro-12-oxo-LTB4, followed by reduction of the 12-oxo group to give 10,11-dihydro-LTB4. 12-oxo-LTB4 (EC50 = 33 nM) is about 70-fold less potent than LTB4 (EC50 = 0.46 nM) at stimulating Ca2+ mobilization in human neutrophils. It is also significantly less potent than LTB4 at stimulating neutrophil migration with EC50 values of 170 and 2.7 nM for 12-oxo-LTB4 and LTB4, respectively.

13-epi-12-oxo Phytodienoic acid (13-epi-12-oxo PDA) is a lipoxygenase metabolite of α-linolenic acid in the leaves of green plants such as corn. ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants are substrates for plant lipoxygenases. 12-oxo PDA is one of the best studied end metabolites of this enzymatic pathway. While the initial enzymatic product and major isomer of 12-oxo PDA contains side chains in the cis position, both being β to the ring, the upper side chain attached at C-13, can and frequently does, isomerize when 12-oxo PDA is extracted, isolated, or stored. 13-epi-12-oxo PDA is the product of this isomerization.

15-keto PGF1α is the initial metabolite of PGF1α via 15-hydroxy PGDH. In mammals, oxidation of C-15 markedly attenuates receptor binding and activity. In fish, the 15-keto compounds serve as post-ovulatory pheromones and are more active than the parent prostaglandins.

4-(N-Boc-amino)piperidine is an organic building block.1,2It has been used in the synthesis of aminopiperidine antiviral chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonists and antibacterial agents. 1.Burrows, J.N., Cumming, J.G., Fillery, S.M., et al.Modulators of the human CCR5 receptor. Part 1: Discovery and initial SAR of 1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-piperidinyl amides and ureasBioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.15(1)25-28(2005) 2.Reck, F., Alm, R., Brassil, P., et al.Novel N-linked aminopiperidine inhibitors of bacterial topoisomerase type II: Broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with reduced hERG activityJ. Med. Chem.54(22)7834-7847(2011)

Zanapezil (TAK-147) is a powerful and selective inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase (AChE). It demonstrates significant and reversible inhibition of AChE activity in rat cerebral cortex homogenates (IC50 = 51.2 nM). Furthermore, Zanapezil exhibits moderate inhibition of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor binding with Ki values of 234 and 340 nM, respectively. This compound holds promise for the investigation of the initial stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Furosine dihydrochloride, an amino acid derivative, is a significant biochemical indicator of initial Maillard reactions. The compound is strongly associated with various diseases, including diabetes.

CXCL12 ligand 1 is the first ligand of the sY12-binding pocket on chemokine CXCL12 .

Tellimagrandin II (Eugeniin) is the initial intermediate in the 4 C 1 -glucose derived series of ellagitannins. Additionally, it possesses the ability to inhibit antibiotic resistance exhibited by drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Benzylacyclouridine（BAU)是一种特异性和具有口服利用度的uridine phosphorylase (UrdPase)抑制剂，在调节尿苷代谢中起主要作用，能够增强5-Fluorouracil对人前列腺癌细胞的毒性，具有抗肿瘤的潜力。