il-15

IL-15-IN-1是一种 IL-15依赖性细胞的选择性抑制剂(IC50:0.8 μM)。

Ordesekimab (AMG 714) 是一种人 IgG1κ 抗 IL-15 (Interleukin Related) 单克隆抗体。Ordesekimab 竞争性与 IL-15 结合，会抑制 IL-15 与 IL-2Rβ 和 IL-15 受体复合物的共同 γ 链的相互作用，却不与 IL-15Rα 链发生反应。Ordesekimab 可用于研究无反应性乳糜泻 (NRCD) 。

Anti-MouseIL-15Antibody (AIO.3) 是来源于大鼠的IgG2a, λ 型抗体抑制剂，专用于针对小鼠IL-15。

Y-320 是一种免疫调节剂，能阻碍IL-15刺激CD4 T 细胞后的IL-17的产生，IC50=20~60 nM。

COX-2 15-LOX-IN-6 (Compound 5l) 是一种同时抑制COX-2和15-LOX的抑制剂，其IC50分别为0.201 μM和11.723 μM。COX-2 15-LOX-IN-6 能有效抑制血清中的PGE、TNF-α、IL-6和iNOS表达，并在Carrageenan诱导的大鼠水肿模型中展现出抗炎活性。

NEK7-IN-1 (Compound I-15) 是一种 NIMA 相关激酶 7 (NEK7) 的抑制剂，IC50小于100 nM，且能抑制 IL-1β 的释放，IC50小于50 nM。

NLRP3 IN 70（化合物 15）表现出强效的 NLRP3 抑制活性，有效抑制 THP-1 中的 IL-1β 分泌（IC50 = 23 nM）。

PROTAC BTK Degrader-13 (Compound 25) 是一种专门靶向BTK的PROTAC降解剂，具有DC50为0.27 μM的活性。该化合物对BTK的抑制作用IC50值为0.44 μM，并对IL-2诱导的T细胞激酶（ITK）显示IC50为2.16 μM的抑制活性。同时，PROTAC BTK Degrader-13 能抑制p38 MAPK信号通路，阻止BCR（B细胞受体）信号通路被激活。(Pink: ligand for target protein BTK ligand 15; Black: linker; Blue: ligand for E3 ligase cereblon)

β-Defensin-4 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. It induces migration of monocytes in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 nM but does not affect migration of neutrophils and eosinophils. β-Defensin-4 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes. It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-4 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cells in vivo following a 500 ng intradermal dose. It also inhibits growth of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus with lethal concentration (LC) values of 5, 12, and 15 μM, respectively, of S. carnosus (MIC = 4.5 μg/ml), and of C. albicans with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 7.5 μM.

(±)14-HDHA是一种羟基二十二碳六烯酸，是DHA在细胞内通过酶促或非酶促反应生成的氧化代谢物，是15-PGDH的特异性底物之一并且可以被进一步氧化为具有抗炎性的14-oxoDHA，在原代肺泡巨噬细胞中，14-HDoHE 本身也能显著抑制 LPS 诱导的 IL-6 mRNA 表达，可能与哮喘等炎症性疾病有关。

Benpyrine is a highly specific and orally active TNF-α inhibitor with a KD value of 82.1 μM. Benpyrine tightly binds to TNF-α and blocks its interaction with TNFR1, with an IC50 value of 0.109 μM. Benpyrine has the potential for TNF-α mediated inflammatory and autoimmune disease research[1]. Benpyrine (5-20 μM; 14 hours; RAW264.7 cells) pretreatment results in a dose-dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of IκBα in RAW264.7 cells (stimulated with 10 ng mL TNF-α or 1 μg mL LPS). Benpyrine abolishes the TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in RAW264.7 cells[1].Benpyrine only blocks cell death induced by TNF-αWT and Y119A, and increases the cell survival rate up to 80%. Benpyrine does not obviously affect L57A- and Y59L-induced cytotoxicity in L929 cells[1]. Benpyrine (25-50 mg kg; oral gavage; daily; for 2 weeks; Balb c mice) treatment significantly relieves the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis. Benpyrine dose-dependently decreases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6, and increases the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10[1].Endotoxemia murine model shows that Benpyrine (25 mg kg) could attenuate TNF-α-induced inflammation, thereby reducing liver and lung injury[1]. [1]. Weiguang Sun, et al. Discovery of an Orally Active Small Molecule TNF-α Inhibitor. J Med Chem. 2020 Jul 15.

Givinostat (ITF-2357) is a HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 198 and 157 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively. Givinostat (ITF2357) suppresses total LPS-induced IL-1β production robustly compared with the reduction by ITF3056. At 25, 50, and 100 nM, Givinostat reduced IL-1β secretion more than 70%. Givinostat (ITF-2357) suppresses the production of IL-6 in PBMCs stimulated with TLR agonists as well as the combination of IL-12 plus IL-18. IL-6 secretion decreases to 50% at 50 nM Givinostat, but at 100 and 200 nM, there is no reduction[1]. As shown by the CCK-8 assay, Givinostat (ITF-2357) inhibits JS-1 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with Givinostat ≥500 nM is associated with significant inhibition of JS-1 cell proliferation (P<0.01). Also, the cell inhibition rate significantly differs between the group cotreated with Givinostat ≥250 nM plus LPS and the group without LPS treatment (same Givinostat concentration) (P<0.05)[2]. Givinostat (ITF2357) at 10 mg kg is used as a positive control and, as expected, reduced serum TNFα by 60%. Strikingly, pretreatment of ITF3056 starting at 0.1 mg kg significantly reduces the circulating TNFα by nearly 90%. To achieve a significant increase in serum IL-1β production, a higher dose of LPS is injected (10 mg kg), and blood is collected after 4 h. Similarly, when pretreated with lower doses of Givinostat (ITF-2357) (1 or 5 mg kg), there is a 22% reduction for 1 mg kg and 40% for 5 mg kg[1]. [1]. Li S, et al. Specific inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 reduces gene expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jan 23;290(4):2368-78. [2]. Wang YG, et al. Givinostat inhibition of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and protein acetylation. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul 21;21(27):8326-39. [3]. Leoni F, et al. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and systemic inflammation in vivo. Mol Med. 2005 Jan-Dec;11(1-12):1-15.

13(S)-HpODE是存在于土豆和智人中的代谢物，是13-HPODE的(S)-对映体，是一种含有过氧基团的脂肪酸，IL-13 13(S)HpODE在A549癌细胞凋亡过程中刺激MAO-A介导的细胞内ROS生成和p53以及p21的诱导，通过上调p53和p21的表达促进HCT116和CCF52细胞的凋亡，构成IL-13 > 15-LO>13(S)HpODE > PPARγ>MAO-A > ROS > p53>p21轴。

LL-37 is a cationic and α-helical antimicrobial peptide expressed in human bone marrow, testis, granulocytes, and gingival epithelium and is upregulated in psoriatic lesions. It inhibits growth of Gram-positive E. coli D21 and Gram-negative B. megatarium in a concentration-dependent manner and LL-37 expression is induced in A549 epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived macrophages following M. tuberculosis infection. LL-37 binds sheep erythrocytes coated with S. minnesota Re-LPS and induces agglutination with a minimal agglutinating concentration (MAC) of 12.1 μg/ml. It is a chemoattractant for, and can induce calcium mobilization in, human monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells that naturally express formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and FPRL1-transfected HEK293 cells. LL-37 (10-15 μM) pretreatment of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) reduces its infectivity as well as levels of viral genomic RNA and NS1 antigen. In vivo, LL-37 inhibits cecal ligation and puncture-induced caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis of peritoneal macrophages, reduces levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and improves survival in polybacterial septic mice.

Anti-inflammatory agent 15 (化合物 29) 是有效的抗结核分枝杆菌剂，可用于结核病(TB)的研究。Anti-inflammatory agent 15 抑制 Mtb H37Rv 和 M299生长，MIC50分别为 2.3 和 7.8 μM。Anti-inflammatory agent 15也是一种抗炎剂， 通过抑制 iNOS 的表达来抑制 NO，同时也抑制 TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的产生。

β-Carboline-1-carboxylic acid is an alkaloid that has been found in P. quassioides and has diverse biological activities. It reduces LPS-induced increases in MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 15 µg ml and inhibits the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells. β-Carboline-1-carboxylic acid induces cytotoxicity in CT26.WT, K562, and SGC-7901 cells (IC50s = 14.96, 22.11, and 19.7 µg ml, respectively) but not HepG2 or A549 cells (IC50s = 36.41 and 41.51 µg ml, respectively). It also inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase with an IC50 value of 96 µM.

NLRP3-IN-15 是一种有效的、选择性的 NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂 (KD: 5.87 μM)。NLRP3-IN-15 抑制 IL-1β 释放，IC50为 0.131 μM。NLRP3-IN-15可用于炎症研究。

JAK-IN-24 是一种 JAK 抑制剂，在 4 μM 或 1 mM ATP 存在时，IC50分别为 0.534 和 24 nM。JAK-IN-24 还抑制 PBMCIL-15诱导的 STAT5磷酸化，IC50为 86.171 nM。

STINGagonist-23 (CF502) 是一种非核苷酸小分子 STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活 STING，增加 STING、TBK1和 IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中 IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和 CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗 SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-24 (CF504) 是一种非核苷酸小分子STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活STING，增加STING、TBK1和IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-25 (CF505) 是一种非核苷酸小分子 STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活 STING，增加 STING、TBK1和 IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-26 (CF508) 是一种非核苷酸小分子STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活STING，增加STING、TBK1和IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-28 (CF510) 是一种非核苷酸小分子STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活STING，增加STING、TBK1和IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

Inbakicept 是一种 IL-15 受体α sushi 结构域与免疫球蛋白 G1（人 Fc 片段）融合蛋白二聚体，是一种 IL-15 超级激动剂蛋白复合物。 Inbakicept 与 IL-15 抗体 Nogapendekin alfa 可以结合形成复合物 Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept (ALT-803)，比例为1：2。ALT-803 具有潜在的抗癌抗肿瘤活性，可用于研究乳腺癌。