Heteroatom-substituted fatty acids have been observed to modulate the extension and desaturating of fatty acids, and to influence their distribution within phospholipids pools. 10-Thiastearic acid inhibits desaturation of radiolabeled stearate to oleate in rat hepatocytes and hepatoma cells by more than 80% at a concentration of 25 μM. This activity is associated with a hypolipidemic effect, making this 10-thiastearic acid a useful tool for evaluating new anti-obesity therapeutics.
Furomollugin has antiviral activity, it can strongly suppress the secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), with IC50 = 2.0 micrograms mL, in human hepatoma Hep3B cells.
Musk tibetine reveals no genotoxicity in the micronucleus test with human lymphocytes and human hepatoma cell lines. Musk tibetene is a nitro musk compound with carcinogenic activity.
6-Alkynyl-fucose, a widely used fucosylation probe, acts by strongly inhibiting fucosylation and GDP-fucose synthetase FX and halting hepatoma invasion.
3β-Hydroxy-urs-11-en-28,13β-olide shows a potent concentration-independent cytoprotective effect against CCl4-induced injury on human hepatoma cell line relative to silymarin as a reference standard. It exhibits weak-moderate antiproliferative activity ag
CAY10704 is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (EC50 = 17 nM) that displays low cytotoxicity of virally-infected human hepatoma Huh7.5.1 cells (CC50 = 21.3 μM). It displays good pharmacokinetics in mice when delivered intraperitoneally, with preferential liver distribution without significant hepatotoxicity. CAY10704 is selective for HCV over dengue virus (EC50 = 4.62 μM).
Melatonin D5, a deuterium-labeled version of melatonin, is a hormone produced by the pineal gland, known for its role as a selective ATF-6 inhibitor that promotes apoptosis in human hepatoma cells via COX-2 downregulation. Additionally, it activates melatonin receptors and exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.