Buformin (1-butylbiguanide) is an oral antidiabetic drug of the biguanide class. It also inhibits the synthesis of glucose by the liver. Buformin delays absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract increases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake
Ioforminol, also known as GE-145 and AN-113111, is a new low-osmolar dimeric radiographic contrast agent. GE-145 exhibits similar preclinical properties to other dimeric radiographic contrast media. In addition, the low osmolality enables an iso-osmolar f
Malformin A is a cyclopentapeptide fungal metabolite that has been found in A. niger and has diverse biological activities. It is a plant growth regulator that induces malformations in plant structure. Malformin A inhibits replication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in local lesion and leaf-disc assays (IC50s = 19.7 and 45.4 μg/ml, respectively). It is cytotoxic to NCI-H460, MIA PaCa-2, MCF-7, SF-268, and WI-38 cancer cells (IC50s = 70, 50, 100, 70, and 100 nM, respectively), inhibits proliferation of PC3 and LNCaP cells (IC50s = 130 and 90 nM, respectively), and induces apoptosis and necrosis in PC3 and LNCaP cells. Malformin A also increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces autophagy in PC3 and LNCaP cells. It is toxic to mice when administered intraperitoneally (LD50 = 3.1 mg/kg) but not orally up to doses of 50 mg/kg.
Malformin C is a natural fungus-derived bicyclic pentapeptide that has antibacterial properties, particularly against species of Bacillus. Malformin C potently blocks the ability of bleomycin to induce G2 arrest in human T-cell leukemia-derived Jurkat cells (IC50 = 0.9 nM). It less potently abrogates colchicine-induced M phase arrest in Jurkat cells (IC50 = 24 nM). Malformin C inhibits cell growth dose-dependently in Colon 38 and HCT 115 cancer cells (IC50s = 0.27 and 0.18 μM, respectively) but has a low therapeutic index against cancer xenografts when tested in mice.
Metformin orotate is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator that improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose.
Metformin embonate is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator that improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose.
Metformin icosapent is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator that improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose.
Metformin glycinate is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator that improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose.