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Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) 是维生素 D 的一种天然存在形式，代谢激活后可以诱导细胞分化和癌细胞增殖。

3,5-Dimethoxyphenol (Phloroglucinol dimethyl ether) 是一种存在于人类食用红豆杉的叶子中的毒素代谢物。

PZL-A是一种mtDNA合成小分子激活剂，能够恢复最常见的POLγ突变变体的功能和活性，并激活了患有致命疾病的儿科患者细胞中的mtDNA合成，从而增强了氧化磷酸化机制和细胞呼吸的生物发生，可用于治疗mtDNA耗竭相关的进行性疾病。

Ganglioside GM1is a monosialylated ganglioside and the prototypic ganglioside for those containing one sialic acid residue.1,2It is found in a large variety of cells, including immune cells and neurons, and is enriched in lipid rafts in the cell membrane.3It associates with growth factor receptors, including TrkA, TrkB, and the GDNF receptor complex containing Ret and GFRα, and is required for TrkA expression on the cell surface. Ganglioside GM1interacts with other proteins to increase calcium influx, affecting various calcium-dependent processes, including inducing neuronal outgrowth during differentiation. Ganglioside GM1acts as a receptor for cholera toxin, which binds to its oligosaccharide group, facilitating toxin cell entry into epithelial cells of the jejunum.4,5Similarly, it is bound by the heat-labile enterotoxin fromE. coliin the pathogenesis of traveler's diarrhea.6Ganglioside GM1gangliosidosis, characterized by a deficiency in GM1-β-galactosidase, the enzyme that degrades ganglioside GM1, leads to accumulation of the gangliosides GM1and GA1in neurons and can be fatal in infants.1Levels of ganglioside GM1are decreased in the substantia nigra pars compacta in postmortem brain from patients with Parkinson's disease.3Ganglioside GM1mixture contains a mixture of ovine ganglioside GM1molecular species with primarily C18:0 fatty acyl chain lengths, among various others. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1544] 1.Kolter, T.Ganglioside biochemistryISRN Biochem.506160(2012) 2.Mocchetti, I.Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and repair, and the neurotrophinsCell Mol. Life Sci.62(19-20)2283-2294(2005) 3.Ledeen, R.W., and Wu, G.The multi-tasked life of GM1 ganglioside, a true factotum of natureTrends Biochem. Sci.40(7)407-418(2015) 4.Turnbull, W.B., Precious, B.L., and Homans, S.W.Dissecting the cholera toxin-ganglioside GM1 interaction by isothermal titration calorimetryJ. Am. Chem. Soc.126(4)1047-1054(2004) 5.Blank, N., Schiller, M., Krienke, S., et al.Cholera toxin binds to lipid rafts but has a limited specificity for ganglioside GM1Immunol. Cell Biol.85(5)378-382(2007) 6.Minke, W.E., Roach, C., Hol, W.G., et al.Structure-based exploration of the ganglioside GM1 binding sites of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin for the discovery of receptor antagonistsBiochemistry38(18)5684-5692(1999)

Sodium thiosulfate (Pentahydrate) is an antioxidant and antifungal. Sodium thiosulfate protects against cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children and is not associated with serious adverse events attributed to its use[3]. The addition of sodium thiosulfate, administered 6 hours after cisplatin chemotherapy, resulted in a lower incidence of cisplatin-induced hearing loss among children with standard-risk hepatoblastoma, without jeopardizing overall or event-free survival[4]. Calciphylaxis is a potentially fatal disorder of abnormal calcium deposition. Treatment is multifaceted, and improved outcomes have been demonstrated with intravenous sodium thiosulfate; however, the use of this medication can be limited by its adverse effects[5]. TST (topical sodium thiosulfate) appears to be a relatively well-tolerated adjuvant treatment for CC(calcinosis cutis)[6]. The combined treatment of sodium thiosulfate, pamidronate and calcitomimetics has been effective and safe for the treatment of calciphylaxis, inducing complete remission[7].

Racemic rasagiline，也称为 AGN-1135，是一种单胺氧化酶 B 型抑制剂(MAOI)。然而，在食用富含酪胺的食物的患者中，这种药物的应用可能导致致命的高血压危象。TVP-1022是雷沙吉兰的(S)异构体，具有心脏保护剂的作用。

NLRP3-IN-20（compound 11）是一款口服活性的NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂，其抑制IL-1β分泌的IC50值为25 nM。该化合物展现出卓越的药代动力学性质，并在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、致命性感染性休克以及结肠炎模型中证明了其显著疗效。

(+)-Menthyl acetate是一种从Cunila angustifolia Benth精油中分离得到的化学化合物。它对MCF-7细胞株具有较高的选择性，其半抑制浓度（IC50）为34.0 μg mL，而对SK-Mel-28细胞株的选择性较低，IC50为279.9 μg mL，并且对A549细胞没有致死作用。

Sphynolactone-7 (SPL7) acts as an agonist for the Striga hyposensitive to light receptor 7 (ShHTL7) found in the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica. SPL7 selectively targets ShHTL7 with an IC50 of 0.31 µM, demonstrating higher specificity compared to ShHTL2-6, ShHTL9-10, and the strigolactone receptor AtD14 at a concentration of 10 µM, though it still inhibits ShHTL8 and ShHTL11 with IC50s of 1.2 and 7.8 µM, respectively. This compound triggers fatal germination of Striga hermonthica seeds in the absence of a host by inducing suicidal germination at a minimum effective concentration of 10 fM. Additionally, SPL7 can reduce the emergence of this obligate parasite from the soil and alleviate Striga hermonthica-induced senescence in maize when applied at a 10 nM concentration to the soil of maize and Striga hermonthica seed co-cultures.