Darinaparsin is a dimethylated arsenic linked to glutathione. It is cytotoxic to DU145, LNCaP, and PC3 prostate cancer cells (IC50s = 5-10 µM) and patient-derived primary prostate cancer cells (IC50s = 2.5-20 µM), as well as Jurkat T cell lymphoma and L540 Hodgkin lymphoma cells (IC50s = 2.7 and 1.3 µM, respectively). [1][2] It decreases the tumor-initiating subpopulation in DU145 and PC3 cells and halts the cell cycle in the G2 M phase. Darinaparsin decreases transcription of Gli-2, a transcription factor that mediates Sonic hedgehog signaling, when used at a concentration of 1.5 but not 3 µM. It decreases SHP1 phosphatase activity and increases ERK phosphorylation. [2] Darinaparsin reduces tumor growth in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer mouse xenograft models when administered at a dose of 100 mg kg every other day.[1]
Rineterkib hydrochloride (compound B) is an orally active RAF and ERK1 2 inhibitor in the treatment of a proliferative disease characterized by activating mutations in the MAPK pathway. The activity is particularly related to the treatment of KRAS-mutant NSCLC, BRAF-mutant NSCLC, KRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer, KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) and KRAS-mutant ovarian cancer[1]. ERK-IN-1 (compound B) (50, 75 mg kg, p.o., qd q2d, 27 days) treatment significantly reduces the tumor volume in the Calu-6 human NSCLC subcutaneous tumor xenograft model in mice[1]. [1]. CAPONIGRO, et al. THERAPEUTIC COMBINATIONS COMPRISING A RAF INHIBITOR AND A ERKINHIBITOR. WO2018051306A1.
Verrucarin A (Muconomycin A) 是一种 D 型大环真菌毒素。Verrucarin A 是一种蛋白质合成 (protein synthesis) 的抑制剂,来源于Myrothecium verrucaria,可抑制白血病细胞系生长,并激活巨噬细胞 caspases、凋亡和炎症信号。Verrucarin A 能有效提高 p38 MAPK 的磷酸化,降低 ERK Akt 的磷酸化。Verrucarin A 通过 p21 和 p53 的诱导引起细胞周期调控的解除。