Endoxifen, also known as N-desmethyl-4-hydroxytamoxifen, is a chemical that is under development for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. It is also being evaluated as an antipsychotic for treatment of mania and other psychotic disorders. Endoxifen is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the triphenylethylene group. It is an active metabolite of tamoxifen and has been found to be effective in patients that have failed previous hormonal therapies (tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and fulvestrant). The prodrug tamoxifen is metabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme to produce afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen) and endoxifen.
Pipendoxifene, also known as ERA-923, is a new antiestrogen with potential anticancer activity. ERA-923 potently inhibits estrogen binding to ER-alpha (IC50 = 14 nM). In ER-alpha-positive human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells, ERA-923 inhibits estrogen-stimulated growth (IC50 = 0.2 nM) associated with cytostasis. In vitro, a MCF-7 variant with inherent resistance to tamoxifen (10-fold) or 4-OH tamoxifen (>1000-fold) retains complete sensitivity to ERA-923 . In preclinical models, ERA-923 has an improved efficacy and safety compared with tamoxifen. In the combination with temsirolimus, ERA-923 showed excellent anticancer activity in preclinical models.
Norendoxifen, also known as 4-hydroxy-N, N-didesmethyltamoxifen, is a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor of the triphenylethylene group that was never marketed. It is an active metabolite of the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen.
SS148 is an nsp14 nsp16 MTase inhibitor. It also showed some degree of selectivity against human protein MTases, an indication of great potential for chemical optimization towards more potent and selective inhibitors of coronavirus MTases.