endogenously

NCGC00229600 是促甲状腺激素受体 (TSHR) 的变构反向激动剂。 NCGC00229600 抑制 TSH 和刺激 TSHR 的内源性激活抗体，可用于格雷夫斯病的研究。

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl L-carnitine hydrochloride) 是一种由内源性左旋肉碱的乙酰化形式的盐酸盐组成的营养补充剂，具有潜在的神经保护、认知增强、抗抑郁和免疫调节活性。还可缓解化疗、糖尿病或其他疾病引起的周围神经病变。此外，乙酰左旋肉碱可能通过增加T淋巴细胞成熟来调节免疫反应，并可能下调促炎细胞因子对病毒(如SARS-CoV-2)的反应。它还可能破坏ACE2信号通路并抑制活性氧(ROS)的产生。

(R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (D-Proline) 是天然氨基酸 L -脯氨酸的异构体。D -氨基酸在人类血浆和唾液中含量相对较高。这些氨基酸可能是细菌来源，但也有证据表明它们是通过氨基酸消旋酶活性内源性产生的。

Isethionic acid sodium salt (Sodium isethionate) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

Palmitoylethanolamide (Impulsin) 是一种内源性脂肪酸酰胺。它有消炎药、降压药、神经保护剂和抗惊厥药的作用。在给药后，Palmitoylethanolamide 可抑制促炎介质从活化肥大细胞的释放。

β-Hydroxybutyrate phenylalanine (BHB-Phe) 是一种次级酮体代谢物，由 β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) 与必需氨基酸 L-phenylalanine 结合而成。它通过细胞质非特异性肽酶 2 (CNDP2) 在生酮作用后内源性形成。BHB-Phe (50 mg/kg 每天) 可在不影响活动、氧气消耗 (VO2) 或二氧化碳生成 (VCO2) 的情况下，减少饮食诱导肥胖 (DIO) 小鼠的食物摄入、体重和呼吸交换比 (RER)。

VHL-SNAP2-5C 是一种利用自标记蛋白 SNAP 标签的 SNAP 融合蛋白PROTAC降解剂。通过内源性标记的 VHL-SNAP2-5C，可以实现对SNAP-融合蛋白（如 CLCa 和 EGFP）的可视化及选择性去除。

NCG21 is a GPR120 agonist, which showed potent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in a cloned GPR120 system. NCG21 potently activated ERK, intracellular calcium responses and GLP-1 secretion in murine enteroendocrine STC-1 cells that e

Gaxilose, also known as 4-Galactosylxylose, a synthetic disaccharide and a substrate of intestinal lactase. Gaxilose is used in a new noninvasive diagnostic test based on urine or serum measurement of D-xylose after lactase cleavage of orally administered

Olomoucine II 是一种高效的细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂，对 CDK1、CDK2、CDK4、CDK7 和 CDK9 的 IC50 分别为 7.6、0.1、19.8、0.45 和 0.06 μM。Olomoucine II 对多种其他激酶具有较高选择性，同时对 ERK2 和 ABCB1 保持可检测的活性。Olomoucine II 可在不同 p53 状态的癌细胞系中抑制细胞增殖，并在 ABCB1 表达的 HCT-8 细胞中与 daunorubicin 产生协同作用。此外，Olomoucine II 还能抑制 HSV-1、HSV-2、痘苗病毒、腺病毒 4 型及人巨细胞病毒的复制，是一种重要的抗病毒和抗癌研究工具。

Resolvins are a family of potent lipid mediators derived from both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.[1] In addition to being anti-inflammatory, resolvins promote the resolution of the inflammatory response back to a non-inflamed state.[2] Resolvin D1 is produced physiologically from the sequential oxygenation of DHA by 15- and 5-lipoxygenase.[1] 17(R)-RvD1 is an aspirin-triggered epimer of RvD1 that reduces human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transendothelial migration, the earliest event in acute inflammation, with equipotency to RvD1 (EC50 = ~30 nM).[3] 17(R)-RvD1 exhibits a dose-dependent reduction in leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of peritonitis with maximal inhibition of ~35% at a 100 ng dose.[3] In contrast to RvD1, the aspirin-triggered form resists rapid inactivation by eicosanoid oxidoreductases. Analytical and biological comparisons of synthetic 17(R)-RvD1 with endogenously derived 17(R)-RvD1 have confirmed its identity as matching the natural product.[4]

A6770 is an inhibitor of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase.1It induces accumulation of [3H]sphinganine-1-phosphate ([3H]dhS1P), an S1P lyase substrate, in IT-79MTNC3 cells that endogenously express high levels of S1P lyase (EC50= <0.01 μM), an effect that is reduced in the presence of vitamin B6(EC50= <100 μM). 1.Ohtoyo, M., Tamura, M., Machinaga, N., et al.Scintillation proximity assay to detect the changes in cellular dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate levelsLipids51(10)1207-1216(2016)

Bilaid C is a tetrapeptide μ-opioid receptor agonist (Ki= 210 nM in HEK293 cell membranes expressing the human receptor) that has been found inPenicillium.1It inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation by 77% in HEK293 cells expressing the human μ-opioid receptor when used at a concentration of 10 μM. Bilaid C induces inward rectifying potassium channel (Kir) currents in rat locus coeruleus slices that endogenously express high levels of the μ-opioid receptor (EC50= 4.2 μM). 1.Dekan, Z., Sianati, S., Yousuf, A., et al.A tetrapeptide class of biased analgesics from an Australian fungus targets the μ-opioid receptorProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA116(44)22353-22358(2019)

The acyl amides are a family of endogenous lipids that act as potent modulators of pain and inflammation. The best characterized members of this family are the arachidonoyl amides, which includes N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; anandamide). N-palmitoyl glycine (PalGly) contains an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid that is amide-linked to glycine and is structurally similar to the phospholipid-derived N-acyl ethanolamines. Endogenously produced in rat skin and spinal cord, PalGly is present in 100-fold greater amounts in skin and 3-fold greater in brain compared to AEA. Injection of 0.43 μg PalGly in rat hindpaw inhibits heat-induced firing of nociceptive neurons in rat dorsal horn. PalGly treatment induces transient calcium influx in native dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells and in the PTX-sensitive, DRG-like cell line F-11 (EC50 = 5.5 μM).

DPC-AJ1951 is a peptide agonist of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide receptor (PPR; EC50 = 0.15 nM in HEK293 cells expressing human PPR). It induces cAMP production in SAOS-2 and UMR106 cells that endogenously express human and rat PPR, respectively (EC50s = 2.2 and 1.1 nM, respectively). DPC-AJ1915 stimulates osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in fetal rat long-bone explant cultures and increases collagen synthesis and cell proliferation in neonatal mouse parietal bone explants. In vivo, DPC-AJ1951 normalizes serum calcium levels in thyroidparathyroidectomized rats.

Resolvin D5是一种从DHA中提取的氧化脂质介质，具有抗炎作用，在LPS刺激的THP-1细胞中通过ERK-NF-κB信号通路抑制IL-6和CCL5的产生。

17-oxo-4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-Docosahexaenoic acid is a metabolite of lipoxygenase-mediated oxidation of DHA that is produced endogenously by aspirin-enhanced COX-2 activity. It has been shown to activate Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression, to act as a PPARγ agonist (EC50 = ~200 nM), and to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production at biological concentration ranges (5-25 μM).

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a ω-3 fatty acid found in fish oils. 17-oxo-7(Z),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-docosapentaenoic acid is a metabolite of lipoxygenase-mediated oxidation of DPA that is produced endogenously by aspirin-enhanced COX-2 activity. It has been shown to activate Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression, to act as a PPARγ agonist (EC50 = ~200 nM), and to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production at biological concentration ranges (5-25 μM).

Linaprazan glurate 抑制外源性或内源性刺激的胃酸分泌。 Linaprazan glurate 可用于胃肠道炎症性疾病和消化性溃疡疾病的研究。

5-Aminovaleric acid 被认为是 GABA 的亚甲基同系物，是GABA 的弱激动剂。它是赖氨酸降解产物。 它既能够内源性产生，也能够通过赖氨酸的细菌分解代谢产生。

Lornoxicam-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of lornoxicam by GC- or LC-MS. Lornoxicam is a COX inhibitor and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It inhibits production of thromboxane B2 from arachidonic acid in HEL human erythroleukemic cells, which endogenously express COX-1, as well as inhibits LPS-induced formation of prostaglandin F1α from arachidonic acid in Mono-Mac-6 cells, which endogenously express COX-2. Lornoxicam reduces LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and IL-6 in cell-based assays with IC50 values of 65 and 54 µM, respectively. It reduces carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats when administered intravenously at doses ranging from 0.1 to 9 mg/kg. Formulations containing lornoxicam have been used in the management of postoperative pain.

Anabasine ((S)-Anabasine) 是一种从烟草中提取的生物碱。Anabasine 是一种烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的全激动剂 (nAChRs)，具有杀虫活性。Anabasine 促使内源表达人肌型 nAChRs 的 TE671 细胞去极化。

CDN-A为一种环二核苷酸，主要用于抗体-活性分子偶联物(ADC)的合成。作为先天免疫及适应性免疫反应的关键激活剂，环状二核苷酸能由内源性外来DNA或侵入性细菌病原体生成，在人体内通过促进干扰素基因表达激活先天免疫系统。

Palmitoleoyl Ethanolamide (POEA) 是一种内源性脂肪酸乙醇酰胺（FAE），属于类内源性大麻素分子家族。它是单不饱和脂肪酸棕榈油酸的衍生物。与研究较多的棕榈酰乙醇胺 (PEA) 和油酰乙醇胺 (OEA) 类似，POEA 被认为通过调节过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPAR-α)、G 蛋白共轭受体（如 GPR119）或通过“随行效应”调节内源性大麻素信号传导来发挥生物学作用。研究显示其在抗炎、镇痛及代谢调节方面具有潜在活性。