congener

Nordihydrocapsaicin(诺地氢辣椒碱)是Capsaicin(辣椒素)的模拟物和同源物，属于在Capsicum(辣椒)中发现的Capsaicinoid(辣椒素类)化合物。

Xanthine amine congener trihydrochloride 是一种有效的腺苷拮抗剂，可逆转由腺苷激动剂 N6-环己基腺苷产生的尿流量、钠排泄和心率的减少。

Xanthine amine congener 是非选择性的腺苷受体拮抗剂，在小鼠中具有诱发惊厥的作用。

Xanthine amine congener dihydrochloride (XAC dihydrochloride), a potent antagonist for both Adenosine A1 and A2 receptors, exhibits IC50 values of 1.8 nM for A1 and 114 nM for A2 receptors. Additionally, it functions as a convulsant agent in mouse models.

Xanthine amine congener (XAC) hydrochloride 是一种非选择性腺苷受体拮抗剂，在小鼠中能够诱发惊厥。

Adenosine amine congener (ADAC) 是一种选择性的 A1 腺苷受体激动剂，具有神经保护作用，可以改善噪音和顺铂引起的耳蜗损伤。

Cimetidine (SKF-92334) 是一种可口服的可逆组胺H2受体拮抗剂，Ki 为 0.6 μM。它抑制胃酸分泌，以及胃蛋白酶和胃泌素的输出，具有抗癌和抗炎活性。

Tegafur (FT 207) 是一种前药，在肝脏中被细胞色素 P-450 酶逐渐转化为氟尿嘧啶。它是抗代谢物氟尿嘧啶的同源物，具有抗肿瘤活性。

Ancitabine hydrochloride (NSC 145668 HCl) 是一种天然的抗白血病药物。

Semaglutide TFA 是一种胰高血糖素样肽-1 同系物，诱导糖尿病患者的体重减轻、降低血糖水平并降低心血管风险。Semaglutide TFA 诱导轻度至中度和短暂的胃肠道紊乱，可用于研究 2 型糖尿病和肥胖症。

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 是一种多氯二苯并二恶英 (PCDD) 同源物。在最高剂量 (10,000 μg kg) 下，该化合物可导致 H W 和 A 系大鼠肝脏苍白 (脂肪肝)、胃肠道出血和早期死亡。此外，1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 还会引起肝窦扩张，甚至导致 B 系大鼠严重紫癜。

Ancitabine是一种抗肿瘤药物，在酵母模型中能够改善Hailey-Hailey病相关表型，在体内代谢为Cytarabine并抑制DNA合成，主要用于治疗急性白血病。

Several different arachidonoyl amino acids, including N-arachidonoyl-L-alanine (NALA), have been isolated and characterized from bovine brain. The glycine congener (NAGly) was further characterized and found to suppress formalin-induced pain in rats. NALA may have activity at cannabinoid receptor and/or VR1, but has not been fully characterized to date.

TPU-0037A is an antibiotic and a congener of lydicamycin . It inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), B. subtilis, and M. luteus (MICs = 1.56-12.5 μg ml), but not Gram-negative E. coli, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, or P. aeruginosa strains (MICs = >50 μg ml).

Several different arachidonoyl amino acids, including N-arachidonoyl-3-hydroxy-γ-aminobutyric acid (NAG-3H-ABA), have been isolated and characterized from bovine brain. The glycine congener was further characterized and found to suppress formalin-induced pain in rats. NAG-3H-ABA was also found in rat brain by LC-MS techniques, but has not been fully characterized to date. Most arachidonoyl amino acids are poor ligands for the CB1 receptor.

C12-Sphingosine (Sphingosine (d12:1)) 是一种具有 12 个碳原子的鞘氨醇同系物，诱导丝氨酸棕榈酰转移酶活性以时间和浓度依赖性方式降低。

M1 ligand 1 (compound 3b-b) 是槟榔碱衍生物的 N- 去甲基同源物，是毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体 M1 的配体。M1 ligand 1 用作正电子发射断层扫描(PET)的放射性示踪剂。

CXCR4 antagonist 3 (compound 12a), an effective antagonist of CXCR4, exhibits an IC50 of 11 nM. It is a congener of TIQ15, showcasing exceptional properties such as CXCR4 antagonism, CYP 2D6 inhibition, metabolic stability, and permeability. With its potential for research on the human immunodeficiency virus, CXCR4 antagonist 3 holds great promise [1].

Lankacyclinone C 是一种缺乏 δ-内酯部分的 lankacidin C 同源物，具有抗肿瘤活性。

Demethyl bleomycin A2 是Bleomycin 的同源物。Demethyl bleomycin A2 的 DNA 裂解对5-Methylcytidine 不敏感。

2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), a natural endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor, was isolated from porcine brain and characterized. Its congener, 2-linoleoyl glycerol (2-LG), which has a linoleoyl group instead of an arachidonoyl group, also exists alongside 2-AG in vivo. While 2-LG exhibits low intrinsic activity, it enhances the activity of 2-AG and other endocannabinoids through an entourage effect, attributed to the inhibition of breakdown and reuptake pathways that typically decrease endocannabinoid levels post-release.

Cimetidine (Standard) 是 Cimetidine 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Cimetidine (SKF-92334) 是一种可口服的可逆组胺H2受体拮抗剂，Ki 为 0.6 μM。它抑制胃酸分泌，以及胃蛋白酶和胃泌素的输出，具有抗癌和抗炎活性。

Lobophorin CR-2 是脑叶蛋白同源物，能够诱导URP相关基因表达，抑制口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞的生长，并引发MEF细胞中URP依赖的细胞死亡。