chemoattractant

Copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) 是天然存在的三肽，首先从人血浆中分离，但也能够在唾液和尿液中发现。它能够提高成纤维细胞中胶原蛋白，弹性蛋白，蛋白多糖和糖胺聚糖中信使 RNA 的产生。在伤口愈合期间，它能够通过蛋白水解从现有的细胞外蛋白质中除去，并且用作炎性和内皮细胞的化学引诱物。它是皮肤再生中多种细胞途径的天然调节剂。

INCB 3284 dimesylate is a selective and orally bioavailable human CCR2 antagonist, inhibiting monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 binding to hCCR2 (IC50: 3.7 nM). It can be used in the research of acute liver failure.

Bindarit 是单核细胞趋化蛋白MCP-1 CCL2，MCP-3 CCL7和MCP-2 CCL8的选择性抑制剂，具有抗炎作用。Bindarit 对 p65 和 p65 p50 诱导的 MCP-1 启动子激活具有特异性抑制作用，对其它测试的活化启动子没有影响。

FPR A14 是甲酰肽受体 (FPR) 的激动剂，可诱导细胞分化。

BI-671800 (AP-761) 是高特异性的前列腺素 D2 受体拮抗剂，对哮喘有研究潜力，对人和小鼠 CRTH2 转染细胞中 PGD2 结合 CRTH2 的 IC50值分别为 4.5 和 3.7 nM。

SB-265610 (GSK-CXCR2) 是竞争性非肽变构CXCR2选择性拮抗剂，可阻断大鼠 CINC-1 诱导的钙动员和中性粒细胞趋化性，IC50分别为 3.7 和 70 nM。

STAT3-IN-31 (compound K2071)，一种基于STATtic开发的STAT3和有丝分裂抑制剂，具备阻断有丝分裂进展及干扰纺锤体形成的功能。此外，它能够抑制胶质母细胞瘤细胞的迁移和肿瘤球体中细胞的增殖，诱导细胞衰老，并抑制抗Temozolomide的胶质母细胞瘤细胞生长，以及单核细胞趋化蛋白MCP-1的分泌，从而阻止炎症反应。

Glorin is a chemoattractant mediating cell aggregation in the slime mold Polysphondylium violaceum.

22(S)-hydroxy Cholesterol is a synthetic oxysterol and a modulator of the liver X receptor (LXR). [1] t prevents monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) expression induced by the LXR agonist GW 3965 in primary hepatocytes and downregulates mRNA expression of the LXR target genes CD36, ACSL1, and SCD-1 in human myotubes. It decreases triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol synthesis from labeled palmitate and acetate, respectively, in human myoblasts by 50% when used at a concentration of 10 uM. 22(S)-hydroxy Cholesterol also reduces fatty acid synthase (FAS) reporter activity through an LXR response element in the promoter region in COS-1 cells transfected with RXRα and LXRα and decreases the expression of MCP-1 and CCR2 in a mouse model of chronic ethanol consumption.[1] [2] Dietary supplementation of 22(S)-hydroxy cholesterol (30 mg kg per day) leads to less body weight gain and lower liver triacylglycerol levels in rats when fed either a regular chow or high-fat diet as well as prevents an increase in plasma triacylglycerol levels resulting from a high-fat diet.[3]

Petromyzonol is a tetrahydroxy stearol which serves as the primary spawning pheromone in adult sea lamprey. It is produced in the bile of sea lamprey larvae from the bile acid precursor allocholic acid. While the adult sea lamprey is relatively insensitive to petromyzonol itself, the C-24 sulfate ester (petromyzonol sulfate) is a pheromone and a spawning chemoattractant which can be detected at very low concentrations by lamprey olfactory chemoreceptors. Petromyzonol, petromyzonol sulfate, and allocholic acid are all found in water samples from fresh water streams bearing larval lamprey populations.[1]

LL-37 is a cationic and α-helical antimicrobial peptide expressed in human bone marrow, testis, granulocytes, and gingival epithelium and is upregulated in psoriatic lesions. It inhibits growth of Gram-positive E. coli D21 and Gram-negative B. megatarium in a concentration-dependent manner and LL-37 expression is induced in A549 epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived macrophages following M. tuberculosis infection. LL-37 binds sheep erythrocytes coated with S. minnesota Re-LPS and induces agglutination with a minimal agglutinating concentration (MAC) of 12.1 μg/ml. It is a chemoattractant for, and can induce calcium mobilization in, human monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells that naturally express formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and FPRL1-transfected HEK293 cells. LL-37 (10-15 μM) pretreatment of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) reduces its infectivity as well as levels of viral genomic RNA and NS1 antigen. In vivo, LL-37 inhibits cecal ligation and puncture-induced caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis of peritoneal macrophages, reduces levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and improves survival in polybacterial septic mice.

Sanguiin h 11 is a compound purified from the plant Sanguisorba officinalis and has proven to be a potent inhibitor of chemoattractant-dependent and independent neutrophil movement.

Bourgeonal is an agonist of human testicular olfactory receptor hOR17-4. It increases cytosolic calcium levels in human spermatozoa, acts as a chemoattractant, and increases swimming speed in sperm chemotaxis assays in a concentration-dependent manner.

H-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH 是胶原蛋白衍生物，在生物医学领域中以其嗜中性粒细胞趋化性而被研究。该分子诱使中性粒细胞在特定部位集聚，并促进局部细胞修复过程。此外，H-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH 还能激活缺血后脑部的神经营养因子及其受体的基因表达。

C5a Anaphylatoxin (human)为促炎多肽及白细胞化学引诱剂，主要应用于炎症与免疫领域研究，例如过敏性哮喘。

WRW4-OH 是一种抑制 WKYMVm（一种 FPRL1 激动剂）与其受体结合的生物活性肽。FPRL1，作为典型的趋化受体，在外周血液和大脑的吞噬细胞中有表达，其激活过程与宿主的防御机制及神经退行性疾病相关炎症反应紧密相连。

N-Formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys TFA (For-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys-OH (TFA)) (71901-21-8 free base) 是一种甲酰肽受体 (FPR) 激动剂 。人类中性粒细胞。放射性碘化分子具有充分的生物活性。