caspase cascade

3,6-Dihydroxyflavone 是一种抗癌剂。它能够提高细胞内氧化应激和脂质过氧化。它是能够根据剂量和时间依赖性地降低细胞活力，并活化半胱天冬酶级联、切割聚 (ADP-核糖) 聚合酶 (PARP) 诱导细胞凋亡。

Diclofenac (Diclofenacum) 是一种具有抗炎活性的非甾体苯乙酸衍生物，是 COX 抑制剂，在 CHO 细胞中，对人 COX-1 和 COX-2 的 IC50值分别为 4 和 1.3 nM。它对绵羊 COX-1 和 COX-2 的 IC50值分别为 5.1 μM，0.84 μM。它通过活化 caspase 级联反应来诱导神经干细胞凋亡。

Diclofenac diethylamine 是非选择性抗炎剂，通过活化 caspase 级联反应来诱导神经干细胞凋亡。它是一种COX 抑制剂，在 CHO 细胞中，对人COX-1和COX-2的IC50值分别为 4 和 1.3 nM。它对绵羊COX-1和COX-2的IC50值分别为 5.1 μM 和0.84 μM。

Diclofenac sodium (GP 45840) 是一种非选择性抗炎剂，是 COX 抑制剂，在 CHO 细胞中，对人 COX-1 和 COX-2 的 IC50值分别为 4 和 1.3 nM。它对绵羊 COX-1 和 COX-2 的 IC50值分别为 5.1 μM，0.84 μM。它通过活化 caspase 级联反应来诱导神经干细胞凋亡。

Diclofenac Potassium (CGP-45840B) 是一种非甾体抗炎药，用于减轻炎症并在某些情况下作为镇痛剂减轻疼痛。它通过活化 caspase 级联反应来诱导神经干细胞凋亡。它是一种COX 抑制剂，在 CHO 细胞中，对人 COX-1 和 COX-2 的IC50值分别为 4 和 1.3 nM。它对绵羊 COX-1 和 COX-2 的IC50值分别为 5.1 μM 和0.84 μM。

SF5 是一种通过 JNK-p53-caspase 凋亡级联的凋亡通路抑制剂。

Microtubule destabilizing agent-2 (Compound 21) 是一种选择性靶向微管蛋白的口服抗肿瘤化合物。它通过破坏微管蛋白稳定性和抑制微管聚合，导致人肿瘤细胞在G0/G1期停滞，并通过激活Caspase级联途径诱导细胞凋亡 (Apoptosis)。此外，Microtubule destabilizing agent-2 还具有抗炎特性，能够在体外抑制TNF-α和IL-6的产生，并可抑制小鼠异种移植瘤的生长。

Fascaplysin is a cyclin D kinase 4/ cyclin D1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.35 μM). Fascaplysin induces caspase mediated crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis through the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade in human leukemia HL-60 cells.

Nemorosone is a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) originally isolated from C. rosea that has antiproliferative properties.1 Nemorosone inhibits growth of NB69, Kelly, SK-N-AS, and LAN-1 neuroblastoma cells (IC50s = 3.1-6.3 μM), including several drug-resistant clones, but not MRC-5 human embryonic fibroblasts (IC50 = >40 μM).2 It increases DNA fragmentation in LAN-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and decreases N-Myc protein levels and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2. Nemorosone also inhibits growth of Capan-1, AsPC-1, and MIA-PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 4.5-5.0 μM following a 72-hour treatment) but not human dermal and foreskin fibroblasts (IC50s = >35 μM).1 It induces apoptosis, abolishes the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases cytosolic calcium concentration in pancreatic cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Nemorosone activates the caspase cascade in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits cell cycle progression, increasing the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase, in both neuroblastoma and pancreatic cancer cells.1,2 Nemorosone (50 mg/kg, i.p., per day) also reduces tumor growth in an MIA-PaCa-2 mouse xenograft model.3References1. Holtrup, F., Bauer, A., Fellenberg, K., et al. Microarray analysis of nemorosone-induced cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells reveals activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Br. J. Pharmacol. 162(5), 1045-1059 (2011).2. Díaz-Carballo, D., Malak, S., Bardenheuer, W., et al. Cytotoxic activity of nemorosone in neuroblastoma cells. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 12(6B), 2598-2608 (2008).3. Wold, R.J., Hilger, R.A., Hoheisel, J.D., et al. In vivo activity and pharmacokinetics of nemorosone on pancreatic cancer xenografts. PLoS One 8(9), e74555 (2013). Nemorosone is a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) originally isolated from C. rosea that has antiproliferative properties.1 Nemorosone inhibits growth of NB69, Kelly, SK-N-AS, and LAN-1 neuroblastoma cells (IC50s = 3.1-6.3 μM), including several drug-resistant clones, but not MRC-5 human embryonic fibroblasts (IC50 = >40 μM).2 It increases DNA fragmentation in LAN-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and decreases N-Myc protein levels and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2. Nemorosone also inhibits growth of Capan-1, AsPC-1, and MIA-PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 4.5-5.0 μM following a 72-hour treatment) but not human dermal and foreskin fibroblasts (IC50s = >35 μM).1 It induces apoptosis, abolishes the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases cytosolic calcium concentration in pancreatic cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Nemorosone activates the caspase cascade in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits cell cycle progression, increasing the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase, in both neuroblastoma and pancreatic cancer cells.1,2 Nemorosone (50 mg/kg, i.p., per day) also reduces tumor growth in an MIA-PaCa-2 mouse xenograft model.3 References1. Holtrup, F., Bauer, A., Fellenberg, K., et al. Microarray analysis of nemorosone-induced cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells reveals activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Br. J. Pharmacol. 162(5), 1045-1059 (2011).2. Díaz-Carballo, D., Malak, S., Bardenheuer, W., et al. Cytotoxic activity of nemorosone in neuroblastoma cells. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 12(6B), 2598-2608 (2008).3. Wold, R.J., Hilger, R.A., Hoheisel, J.D., et al. In vivo activity and pharmacokinetics of nemorosone on pancreatic cancer xenografts. PLoS One 8(9), e74555 (2013).

YO-2 is a selective plasmin inhibitor. YO-2 induces thymocyte apoptosis via activation of caspase cascade.

Antiproliferative agent-23，一种微管去稳定剂(MDA)，通过扰乱微管蛋白-微管系统来发挥作用。该化合物通过降低Bcl-2蛋白水平、提高Bax和Cyt c蛋白水平以及激活半胱天冬酶级联反应和线粒体依赖途径来诱导细胞凋亡。此外，Antiproliferative agent-23还能在A549/CDDP细胞（顺铂耐药癌细胞系）中通过PERK/ATF4/CHOP信号通路激活ROS介导的内质网应激，展现出抗肿瘤活性。