bone destruction

NDMC101 是有效的破骨细胞形成抑制剂，通过下调 NFATc1 调控基因表达抑制破骨细胞分化。它与 DPP4底物相似，通过抑制DPP4抑制早期 T 细胞激活。它能够用于骨疾病的研究，如类风湿关节炎、滑膜炎等。

Calcitonin is a peptide hormone that lowers blood calcium level and inhibits bone resorption. It belongs to the calcitonin family of peptides, which also includes amylin , calcitonin gene-related peptide , and adrenomedullin. The binding of salmon calcitonin to the human calcitonin receptor (CTR) is not modulated by receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), which influence affinity of human calcitonin to CTR. Salmon calcitonin binds to human CTR2 with IC50 values of 0.933, 0.224, 0.134, and 0.317 nM alone and with RAMP1, 2, or 3, respectively. It induces cAMP accumulation in COS-7 cells transfected with CTR2 (EC50 = 0.166 nM). Salmon calcitonin inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts in a pit formation assay using rat bone slices (ID50 = 0.003 pg mL) and lowers calcium level in vivo in a bioassay of hypocalcemia in rats (ED15 = 33.9 mg kg). Formulations containing salmon calcitonin have been used to treat hypercalcemia, bone destruction by osteoporosis, and Paget's disease.

TNF-α antagonist is an exocyclic peptide that mimics the critical TNF-α recognition loop on TNF receptor I complex and, thus, prevents ligand interaction with the receptor. By blocking the TNF receptor ligand contact site, this peptide interferes with both activating receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) and TNF-α's recruitment and activation of osteoclasts. TNF-α antagonist has been used to block bone resorption in the study of systemic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bone destruction.

Golimumab (CNTO-148) 是一种有效的人源化抗 TNFα IgG1κ单克隆抗体 。Golimumab 具有抗炎和抗癌活性，对 IL-6 和 IL-1β 的产生有抑制作用，可诱导细胞凋亡。Golimumab 可用来预防炎症发生和软骨或骨骼的破坏，可用于研究类风湿性关节炎和癌症。

Met-RANTES (human) acetate 为Met-RANTES (human)的醋酸盐版本，它是CCR1和CCR5的有效拮抗剂。该化合物能够抑制人类趋化因子MIP-1α和MIP-1β，其IC50值分别为5 nM和2 nM。此外，Met-RANTES (human) acetate 也能减缓骨质破坏及缓解大鼠佐剂诱导的关节炎(AIA)的症状。

Cabiralizumab (FPA 008) 是一种抗 CSF1R 单克隆抗体 (MAb)。Cabiralizumab 可增强 T 细胞浸润和抗肿瘤 T 细胞免疫反应。Cabiralizumab 抑制破骨细胞的活化并阻止骨质破坏，可用于类风湿性关节炎 (RA) 的研究。Cabiralizumab 可与 Nivolumab 结合用于肺癌研究。