biosynthetic

NADPH tetrasodium salt 是电子受体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸的还原形式，在各种生物反应中充当电子供体。NADPH tetrasodium salt 也是一种内源性铁死亡抑制剂。

Anhydrotetracycline hydrochloride 是四环素的生物合成前体，是广谱的、有效的竞争性四环素破坏酶抑制剂。它是真核细胞中四环素控制的基因表达系统的效应子。

SMS1-IN-1 是一种有效的鞘磷脂合成酶1 (SMS1, IC50 = 2.1 μM) 抑制剂，可用于动脉粥样硬化研究。

D-(-)-3-Phosphoglyceric acid disodium (3-Phospho-D-glyceric acid disodium) 是糖酵解、糖原合成以及丝氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸生物合成等过程中的重要中间体,竞争性抑制酵母烯醇化酶 (enolase)。作为中间体它还在植物、真核细胞以及原核细胞许多的生物合成信号通路中发挥许多作用。

DHODH-IN-1 是一种有效的 DHODH 抑制剂 (IC50 = 25 nM) 并抑制嘧啶生物合成途径。

sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (Choline glycerophosphate) 是脑磷脂生物合成的前体，能够提高胆碱在神经组织中的生物利用度。它对认知功能有显著影响，同时具有良好的耐受性和安全性，因此能够用于阿尔茨海默病和痴呆症的研究。

Indole-3-acetamide 是一种 indole-3-acetic acid 的生物合成中间体。其中 Indole-3-acetic acid 是植物生长素类中最常见的天然植物生长激素。

Monofarnesyl phosphate（法尼基一磷酸）是一种farnesyl，可能用于研究蛋白质和酶的相关代谢，可用于有机合成和生物实验。Farnesyl是在类异戊二烯生物合成途径中由3个异戊二烯单元缩合而成的最简单的倍半萜，。

Stearidonic Acid (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z-Octadecatetraenoic acid) 是可从褐藻细枝藻中提取的植物性 omega-3 脂肪酸，是生物合成途径中的一种中间脂肪酸，可用于研究阿尔茨海默病。

CBR-5884 是一种磷酸甘油酸脱氢酶抑制剂，IC50为 33 μM。 它抑制癌细胞中的丝氨酸合成，选择性地抑制黑素瘤和乳腺癌细胞系的增殖，对具有高丝氨酸生物合成活性的癌细胞系有选择性毒性。

D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate is a common precursor of heptaic acid (group III) and the heptasaccharide of hygromycin B (group IV). This compound can be converted to NDP-heptose via similar biosynthetic pathways present in these substances.

UDP-GlcNAc Disodium Salt (UDP-α-D-N-Acetylglucosamine Disodium Salt) 是一种 O-GlcNAc 转移酶 (OGT) 的供体底物。

Uridine diphosphate glucose is an important intermediate in several different metabolic pathways and biosynthetic reactions.

GTP tritris 在细胞生理和化学过程中扮演多种关键角色，尤其在肌细胞分化及miRNA-肌肉调节因子的调控中起到增强作用。此外，它促进富含鸟苷及其衍生物的外泌体释放，并作为 RNA 合成的活化前体。在线粒体功能方面，GTP 通过协助蛋白质进入基质来启动肽合成，不仅助力甲酰甲硫氨酰-tRNA 与核糖体的结合，还推动多肽链的延长。它也作为磷酸盐及焦磷酸盐的载体，激活G蛋白信号转导路径，调节细胞的增殖与分化。GTP 的水解过程，特别是小 GTPases（如Ras与 Rho）的作用对于细胞的增殖和凋亡是必需的。同样，小 GTPase Rab 也是囊泡对接、融合与形成不可或缺的因素。GTP 不仅限于信号转导，还是 DNA 和 RNA 酶生物合成中的一个能量丰富的前体。

TSI-01 is a selective PAF biosynthetic enzyme lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 inhibitor.

L-Valine 是蛋白二十种氨基酸中的其中一种。它是必需氨基酸。

Diplopterol is biosynthetic of squalene for use in acetobacter pasteurii in a cell-free system. It is a hopanoid and can be used as a substitute for sterols.

Littorine is a tropane alkaloid found in a variety of plants including Datura and Atropa belladonna. It is closely related in chemical structure to atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine, which all share a common biosynthetic pathway.

β-Rubromycin is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces that has diverse biological activities.1 It inhibits the growth of HMO2, KATO-III, and MCF-7 cells with GI50 values of 0.5, 0.84, and <0.1 μM, respectively. β-rubromycin inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity by 39.7% when used at a concentration of 10 μM. It also has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The structure of β-rubromycin was originally described as containing an ortho-quinone group, but it was revised to a para-quinone group in 2000 using organic and biosynthetic methods, as well as spectroscopic analysis.1,2,3References1. Ueno, T., Takahashi, H., Oda, M., et al. Inhibition of human telomerase by rubromycins: Implication of spiroketal system of the compounds as an active moiety. Biochemistry 39(20), 5995-6002 (2000).2. Puder, C., Loya, S., Hizi, A., et al. Structural and biosynthetic investigations of the rubromycins. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000(5), 729-735 (2000).3. Goldman, M.E., Salituro, G.S., Bowen, J.A., et al. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase activity by rubromycins: Competitive interaction at the template.primer site. Mol. Pharmacol. 38(1), 20-25 (1990). β-Rubromycin is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces that has diverse biological activities.1 It inhibits the growth of HMO2, KATO-III, and MCF-7 cells with GI50 values of 0.5, 0.84, and <0.1 μM, respectively. β-rubromycin inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity by 39.7% when used at a concentration of 10 μM. It also has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The structure of β-rubromycin was originally described as containing an ortho-quinone group, but it was revised to a para-quinone group in 2000 using organic and biosynthetic methods, as well as spectroscopic analysis.1,2,3 References1. Ueno, T., Takahashi, H., Oda, M., et al. Inhibition of human telomerase by rubromycins: Implication of spiroketal system of the compounds as an active moiety. Biochemistry 39(20), 5995-6002 (2000).2. Puder, C., Loya, S., Hizi, A., et al. Structural and biosynthetic investigations of the rubromycins. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000(5), 729-735 (2000).3. Goldman, M.E., Salituro, G.S., Bowen, J.A., et al. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase activity by rubromycins: Competitive interaction at the template.primer site. Mol. Pharmacol. 38(1), 20-25 (1990).

Benastatin A is a polyketide synthase-derived benastatin that has been found inStreptomycesand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3It inhibits glutathione S-transferase (GST; Ki= 5 μM for the rat liver enzyme).2Benastatin A is active against several bacteria, including methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA; MIC = 3.12 μg ml). It induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1 G0phase in Colon 26 mouse colon cancer cells when used at concentrations of 20 and 16 μM, respectively.3 1.Xu, Z., Schenk, A., and Hertweck, C.Molecular analysis of the benastatin biosynthetic pathway and genetic engineering of altered fatty acid-polyketide hybridsJ. Am. Chem. Soc.129(18)6022-6030(2007) 2.Aoyagi, T., Aoyama, T., Kojima, F., et al.Benastatins A and B, new inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase, produced by Streptomyces sp. MI384-DF12. I. Taxonomy, production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activitiesJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)45(9)1385-1390(1992) 3.Kakizaki, I., Ookawa, K., Ishikawa, T., et al.Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in mouse colon 26 cells by benastatin AJpn. J. Cancer Res.91(11)1161-1168(2000)

Benastatin C is a polyketide synthase-derived benastatin that has been found inStreptomycesand has diverse biological activities.1,2It inhibits glutathione S-transferase (GST; IC50= 24 μg ml for the rat liver enzyme).2Benastatin C also inhibits the esterase activity of isolated porcine pancreatic lipase (IC50= 10 μg ml). It increases LPS- or concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis of isolated mouse spleen lymphocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. 1.Xu, Z., Schenk, A., and Hertweck, C.Molecular analysis of the benastatin biosynthetic pathway and genetic engineering of altered fatty acid-polyketide hybridsJ. Am. Chem. Soc.129(18)6022-6030(2007) 2.Aoyama, T., Kojima, F., Yamazaki, T., et al.Benastatins C and D, new inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase, produced by Streptomyces sp. MI384-DF12. Production, isolation, structure determination and biological activitiesJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)46(5)712-718(1993)

Guanosine 5’-diphosphate (GDP) is a purine nucleotide and biosynthetic precursor of guanosine 5’-triphosphate .1It has been used to study the conformations of GTPases.2GDP (100 μM) activates sulfonylurea receptor 2B (SUR2B) linked to the inward-rectifier potassium channel 6.1 (Kir6.1) in HEK293T cells in a patch-clamp assay.3 1.Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.Biochemistry(2002) 2.Vetter, I.R., and Wittinghofer, A.The guanine nucleotide-binding switch in three dimensionsScience294(5545)1299-1304(2001) 3.Yamada, M., Isomoto, S., Matsumoto, S., et al.Sulphonylurea receptor 2B and Kir6.1 form a sulphonylurea-sensitive but ATP-insensitive K+ channelJ. Physiol.499(Pt 3)715-720(1997)

LTB3 is the LTA hydrolase metabolite of LTA3 in the leukotriene biosynthetic pathway. LTB3 and LTB4 are equipotent in their pro-inflammatory effects. However, LTB3 is five times less potent than LTB4 in eliciting chemotaxis of human neutrophils.

Riboflavin 5'-monophosphate (FMN) is a coenzyme that is tightly bound to enzymes catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions in a variety of biosynthetic pathways. FMN also binds the FMN riboswitch (RFN element) on RNA to alter gene regulation. FMN is a substrate of FMN phosphohydrolases and is used to study their function.