backbone

Trabectedin (Ecteinascidin 743) 是一种四氢异喹啉生物碱，有抗肿瘤的活性， 通过与 DNA 的小沟结合，阻断应激诱导的蛋白质的转录，诱导 DNA 骨架裂解和癌细胞凋亡，并增加 MCF-7 和 MDA-MB-453 细胞中 ROS 的生成。Trabectedin 在软组织肉瘤和卵巢癌中具有的研究价值。

m-PEG12-NHS ester（甲氧基-十二聚乙二醇-活性酯）是一种 PEG 为主链的PROTAC linker，常用于合成 PROTAC 分子，NHS酯可以与生物分子上的伯胺（-NH2）发生共价结合

Flavonol (3-Hydroxyflavone) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

Adamantane 是许多化合物的结构骨架，也是有机多面体化合物的物理化学和生物学特性，在制药工业中有实际应用。

Lauric Acid (Dodecylic acid) 是一种有抗菌活性的中链脂肪酸，对P. acnes，S.aureus 和S. epidermidis 的 EC50值分别为 2，6，4 μg mL。

JAK1 2 3 Inhibitor 1 是一种有效的蛋白激酶抑制剂。2,4-dichlorothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine 具有抗肿瘤活性可抑制多种癌细胞株的生长。它通过与癌细胞的骨架结合，抑制新蛋白质的生成，从而抑制癌细胞的生长。

4,4'-Iminodiphenol (Leucoindophenol) 是基于二苯胺骨架的无活性雌激素受体配体。

Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B1 is the backbone and the main hydrolysis product of the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1), can weakly inhibit ceramide synthase.

Azido-PEG4-CH2-Boc is a four-unit cleavable polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker compound employed in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1] and PROTACs[2]. This linker is characterized by its azide functional group and PEG backbone, facilitating the conjugation of drugs to antibodies in ADC development and enabling the synthesis of PROTACs utilizing PEG and alkyl ether moieties.

Mal-PEG4-PFP ester is a non-cleavable antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) linker that incorporates a Maleimide moiety, a 4-unit Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) backbone, and a Pentafluorophenyl (PFP) ester.

Propargyl-PEG1-SS-PEG1-PFP ester is a cleavable linker consisting of a 1-unit polyethylene glycol (PEG) backbone, designed for use in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].

NH2-MPAA-NODA, a nitroveratryl-based photocleavable linker featuring a NODA motif and a methyl phenyl acetic acid (MPAA) backbone, serves as a radiolabel when labeled with 18F-fluoride.

Andrastin B 是一种抑制蛋白质farnesyltransferase的化合物，结构中含有典型的雄甾烷骨架。

18:1 (Δ9-Trans) PG是一种具有磷酸甘油骨架的磷脂酰甘油。

Psilostachyin c is a member of the class of compounds known as ambrosanolides and secoambrosanolides. Ambrosanolides and secoambrosanolides are sesquiterpene lactones from the Ambrosia family, with a backbone derivative of azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one (ambro

Sonoflora 1, also known as SF1, a PDT photosensitivizer. Chemically, SF1 is an analog of chlorophyll in that its macrocycle backbone is porphyrin-based and the center of the porphyrin ring consists of a metal ion. Preclinical studies showed that SF1 had v

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) species are a common class of phospholipids that comprise the mammalian cell membrane. 1,2-Dioctanoyl PC is a synthetic analog of natural phosphatidylcholine species containing saturated C8:O fatty acids in the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone. It exhibits a critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of 0.25 mM at 27°C. 1,2-Dioctanoyl PC serves as an efficient substrate for phospholipase D (PLD) as well as sPLA2 isozymes from bovine pancreas and bee venom.

Thioester analogs of glycerophospholipids, in combination with Ellman's reagent, are convenient colorimetric substrates for the measurement of phospholipase (PL) activity. Palmitoyl thio-PC is a chromogenic PLA2 substrate that contains a palmitoyl thioester at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Hydrolysis of the thioester by PLA2 yields a free thiol that reacts readily with DTNB (Ellman's reagent) giving a bright yellow product with an absorbance maximum at 412 nm. Palmitoyl thio-PC has been used to measure bee venom sPLA2 activity in a phospholipid:Triton X-100 mixed micelle system.

C18 Phytoceramide (t18:0 18:0) (Cer(t18:0 18:0)) is a bioactive sphingolipid found in S. cerevisiae, wheat grains, and the stratum corneum layer of mammalian epidermis. Cer(t18:0 18:0) is composed of a phytosphingosine backbone amine-linked to a C18 fatty acid chain. Cer(t18:0 18:0) has a role in regulation of apoptosis, cell differentiation, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It also inhibits expression of the allergic cytokines IL-4, TNF-α, and transcription factors c-Jun and NF-κB in histone-stimulated murine skin tissue. Formulations containing cer(t18:0 18:0) have been used used in cosmetics as a skin protectants as they reduce water loss to prevent epidermal dehydration and irritation.

C16 Phytoceramide (t18:0/16:0) is a phytoceramide, which is a family of sphingolipids found in the intestine, kidney, and extracellular spaces of the stratum corneum of the mammalian epidermis. C16 Phytoceramide (t18:0/16:0) is composed of a phytosphingosine backbone amine-linked to a C16 fatty acid chain. The levels of C16 phytoceramide (t18:0/16:0) increase following heat stress in S. cerevisiae. It has been used with other ceramides to create stratum corneum substitutes to study percutaneous penetration and psoriasis in vitro.

C22 dihydro 1-Deoxyceramide (m18:0 22:0) is a very long-chain atypical ceramide containing a 1-deoxysphinganine backbone. 1-Deoxysphingolipids are formed when serine palmitoyltransferase condenses palmitoyl-CoA with alanine instead of serine during sphingolipid synthesis.1,2 C22 dihydro 1-Deoxyceramide (m18:0 22:0) has been found in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) following application of 1-deoxysphinganine alkyne or 1-deoxysphinganine-d3.3 It has also been found as the most prevalent dihydro deoxyceramide species in mouse brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve at one, three, and six months of age.4 |1. Steiner, R., Saied, E.M., Othman, A., et al. Elucidating the chemical structure of native 1-deoxysphingosine. J. Lipid Res. 57(7), 1194-1203 (2016).|2. Alecu, I., Othman, A., Penno, A., et al. Cytotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipids are metabolized by a cytochrome P450-dependent pathway. J. Lipid Res. 58(1), 60-71 (2017).|3. Alecu, I., Tedeschi, A., Behler, N., et al. Localization of 1-deoxysphingolipids to mitochondria induces mitochondrial dysfunction. J. Lipid. Res. 58(1), 42-59 (2017).|4. Schwartz, N.U., Mileva, I., Gurevich, M., et al. Quantifying 1-deoxydihydroceramides and 1-deoxyceramides in mouse nervous system tissue. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 141, 40-48 (2019).

C24 dihydro 1-Deoxyceramide (m18:0 24:0) is a very long-chain atypical ceramide containing a 1-deoxysphinganine backbone. 1-Deoxysphingolipids are formed when serine palmitoyltransferase condenses palmitoyl-CoA with alanine instead of serine during sphingolipid synthesis.1,2 C24 dihydro 1-Deoxyceramide (m18:0 24:0) has been found in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) following application of 1-deoxysphinganine alkyne or 1-deoxysphinganine-d3.3 It has also been found in mouse brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve at one, three, and six months of age.4 |1. Steiner, R., Saied, E.M., Othman, A., et al. Elucidating the chemical structure of native 1-deoxysphingosine. J. Lipid Res. 57(7), 1194-1203 (2016).|2. Alecu, I., Othman, A., Penno, A., et al. Cytotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipids are metabolized by a cytochrome P450-dependent pathway. J. Lipid Res. 58(1), 60-71 (2017).|3. Alecu, I., Tedeschi, A., Behler, N., et al. Localization of 1-deoxysphingolipids to mitochondria induces mitochondrial dysfunction. J. Lipid. Res. 58(1), 42-59 (2017).|4. Schwartz, N.U., Mileva, I., Gurevich, M., et al. Quantifying 1-deoxydihydroceramides and 1-deoxyceramides in mouse nervous system tissue. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 141, 40-48 (2019).

C24 Phytosphingosine (t18:0/24:0) is a phytoceramide, which is a family of sphingolipids found in the intestine, kidney, and extracellular spaces of the stratum corneum of the mammalian epidermis. C24 Phytosphingosine (t18:0/24:0) is composed of a phytosphingosine backbone amine-linked to a C24 fatty acid chain. It has been used with other ceramides to create stratum corneum substitutes to study percutaneous penetration and psoriasis in vitro. In a stratum corneum model of healthy skin, the incorporation of long-chain-containing phytoceramides, such as C24 phytosphingosine (t18:0/24:0), increases permeability of the membrane in comparison with incorporation of dihydroceramides.