(S)-Trolox, an analogue of vitamin E, substitutes the phytyl chain with a carboxyl group. This compound serves as a model substance in structural studies and as a standard for assessing antioxidant activity. Moreover, (S)-Trolox exhibits potent and specific neuroprotective and antioxidant properties.
Menaquinone 9 (MK-9) is a vitamin K2 analog that has been found in various bacteria, including E. coli. MK-9 is UV-sensitive and binds to soluble nitrate reductase, a component of the bacterial electron transport chain. In vivo, MK-9 increases plasma prothrombin concentration in vitamin K-deficient rats.
(±)-γ-Tocopherol is a form of vitamin E with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It traps and detoxifies reactive nitrogen oxide species, including nitrogen dioxide, in cell-free assays. It also reduces the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 macrophages and by IL-1β in A549 cells. (±)-γ-Tocopherol inhibits LPS-induced nitrite release and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 cells and reduces COX-2 activity in A549 cells pretreated with IL-1β. Serum levels of (±)-γ-tocopherol are decreased in patients with cardiovascular disease.
DL-α-tocopherol acetate (Standard) 是 DL-α-tocopherol acetate 的标准品,适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。DL-α-tocopherol acetate (Vitamin E acetate)是一种维生素 E 衍生物,用作家禽饲料中的维生素 E 补充剂。