P388

Etoposide (VP-16-213) 是一种拓扑异构酶 II 的抑制剂，通过与拓扑异构酶 II 和 DNA 形成复合物来抑制 DNA 合成 (IC50=60.3 μM)。Etoposide 具有抗肿瘤活性，可以诱导细胞凋亡、自噬。

Erythromycin (E-Mycin) 是由放线菌产生的大环内酯类抗生素。它结合细菌的 50S 核糖体亚基，通过阻断转肽和易位反应来抑制 RNA 依赖性蛋白的合成。

Zosuquidar trihydrochloride (LY-335979 trihydrochloride) 是一种P-糖蛋白抑制剂，Ki 值为 59 nM。

N-Acetyltyramine 是一种群体感应抑制剂，由溶藻弧菌 M3-10 产生。N-Acetyltyramine 可以抑制C. violaceumATCC 12472 的群体感应。它可以逆转阿霉素耐药白血病 P388 细胞的耐药性。

Indotecan (LMP-400) 是一种有效的拓扑异构酶 1 抑制剂，对 P388、HCT116和MCF-7 细胞系的IC50值分别为 300、1200和560 nM。

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) 属于天然产物，从极叉开拉瑞阿提取，是一种脂氧合酶 (5-LOX) 抑制剂 (IC50=8 μM)。Nordihydroguaiaretic acid 具有抗氧化和清除自由基的特性。

Deoxylapachol 是新西兰褐藻Landsburgia quercifolia 的主要细胞毒性成分，有抗真菌和抗癌活性。

Dihydrocytochalasin B (H2CB) 是一种细胞分裂抑制剂，抑制胞质分裂并改变细胞的形态,破坏 Swiss 3T3 小鼠成纤维细胞的肌动蛋白结构，抑制血清生长因子在静止培养物中刺激 DNA 合成的能力,瓦解肌动蛋白细胞结构并抑制 3T3 细胞中 DNA 合成的启动。低剂量的 H2CB 会导致细胞变圆和肌动蛋白微丝束的丢失。

BE-10988 是一种抑制 DNAtopoisomerase 的化合物。该化合物通过促进 DNA 拓扑异构复合物的形成，有效阻断了在对 Doxorubicin 和 长春新碱 显示耐药性的 P388 小鼠白血病细胞系中的细胞增殖。

Sdz 280 446 is one of the most active cyclopeptolide of many resistance-modifying agents in restoring rhodamine-123 retention within multidrug-resistant P388 cells.

A 30312 is a fused indole, which overcomes multidrug resistance in P388 Adr cells in vitro. It potentiates the cytotoxicity of the antitumor drugs Adriamycin, vincristine and vinblastine in multidrug-resistant cells with no effect on drug-sensitive parent P388 cells.

PD 116152 is a highly substituted phenazine with antitumor activity isolated from the culture broth of a Streptomyces sp. The antitumor activity versus murine P388 leukemia is T C 149. PD 116152 is selectively active versus the bacterium Streptococcus pne

MS-073 (CP-162398) is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor (P-gp). The in vitro resistance to vincristine (VCR) was almost completely reversed in VCR-resistant P388 cells, and the resistance of VCR, adriamycin (ADM), etoposide, and actinomycin D in ADM-resistant hu

Simetride is used in the Reversal of resistance to vincristine in P388 leukemia.

(+)-Goniothalesdiol, isolated from the bark of the Malaysian tree G. borneensis, is a tetrahydrofuran compound known to have significant cytotoxic effects against P388 mouse leukemia cells and pesticidal activities. It has been shown to have promising cytotoxic activity against p388 mouse leukemia cells (ED50 ≥30 μg ml).

7-oxo Staurosporine is an antibiotic originally isolated from S. platensis with diverse biological activites. It inhibits PKC, PKA, phosphorylase kinase, EGFR, and c-Src in vitro (IC50s = 9, 26, 5, 200, and 800 nM, respectively). 7-oxo Staurosporine induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in human leukemia K562 cells with a minimal effective dose (MED) of 30 ng/ml. It is cytotoxic to P388 mouse leukemia cells that are resistant and susceptible to doxorubicin . 7-oxo Staurosporine inhibits growth of the mycelial, but not yeast form of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C. lusitaniae (MICs = 3.1-25 μg/ml). It increases sphingomyelin synthesis in CHO-K1 cells when used at a concentration of 50 nM.

(E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil (BVU) is a pyrimidine base and an inactive metabolite of the antiviral agents sorivudine and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) that may be regenerated to BVDU in vivo. BVU irreversibly inactivates dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in an NADPH-dependent manner. It enhances the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent and DPD substrate 5-fluorouracil in a P388 murine leukemia model when administered at a dose of 200 μmol kg, increasing survival time.

19,20-Epoxycytochalasin D is a fungal metabolite that has been found in the endophytic fungus Nemania sp. UM10M. It is active against the chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of P. falciparum (MIC = 0.4 ng ml for both) without inducing cytotoxicity in Vero cells. It is cytotoxic to BT-549, LLC-PK11, and P388 cells (IC50s = 7.84, 8.4, and 0.16 µM, respectively) but not SK-MEL, KB, or SKOV3 cells up to a concentration of 10 µM.

Migrastatin is a bacterial metabolite that has been found inStreptomyceswith antimuscarinic and anticancer activities.1,2It binds to M1-5muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (Kis = >200, 200, 31, 43, and >200 μM, respectively) and inhibits calcium mobilization induced by carbamoylcholine in SK-N-SH cells (IC50= 28 μM), as well as in primary rat bladder smooth muscle cells.1Migrastatin inhibits the migration of EC17 esophageal cancer cells in a wound healing assay (IC50= 10 μg/ml) and 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells in a chamber cell migration assay (IC50= 29 μM).2It enhances cytotoxicity induced by vinblastine in vincristine-resistant P388/VCR cells.3

Thiocoraline is a depsipeptide and DNAbis-intercalator originally isolated fromMicromonosporawith antibacterial and anticancer activities.1,2It is active against the Gram-positive bacteriaS. aureus,B. subtilis, andM. luteus(MICs = 0.05, 0.05, and 0.03 μg ml, respectively) but not Gram-negativeE. coli,K. pneumoniae, orP. aeruginosa(MICs = >100 μg ml for all).1Thiocoraline inhibits RNA and DNA polymerase and thymidylate synthase (IC50s = 6, 6, and 15 μg ml, respectively), as well as RNA and DNA synthesisin vitro(IC50s = 0.008 and 0.4 μg ml, respectively). It is cytotoxic to P388, A549, HT-29, and MEL-28 cancer cells (IC50s = 0.002, 0.002, 0.01, and 0.002 μg ml, respectively). 1.Romero, F., Espilego, F., Pérez Baz, J., et al.Thiocoraline, a new depsipeptide with antitumor activity produced by a marine Micromonospora. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, and biological activitiesJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)50(9)734-737(1997) 2.Negri, A., Marco, E., García-Hernández, V., et al.Antitumor activity, X-ray crystal structure, and DNA binding properties of thiocoraline A, a natural bisintercalating thiodepsipeptideJ. Med. Chem.50(14)3322-3333(2007)

Quinaldopeptin is a quinomycin antibiotic. It is active against a variety of bacteria, including S. pyogenes, S. aureus, C. perfringens, S. faecalis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae (MICs = 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.1 and 6.3 μg ml, respectively). It is cytotoxic to B16 F10 and Moser cells (IC50s = 0.0008 and 0.04 μg ml, respectively) and increases survival in a P388 leukemia mouse model. Quinaldopeptin is a bis-intercalator depsipeptide (NPBID) that binds to and intercalates into DNA (Kd = 32 nM).

Terrecyclic acid is a sesquiterpene originally isolated from A. terreus with antibiotic and anticancer activity. It is active against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and M. roseus (MICs = 25, 50, and 25 μg ml, respectively). Terrecyclic acid induces a heat shock response, increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibits NF-κB activity and cell growth in 3T3-Y9-B12 cells. In vivo, terrecyclic acid (0.1, 1, and 10 mg ml) reduces the number of ascitic fluid tumor cells in a mouse model of P388 murine leukemia.

TAN 420E is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces. It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals in a cell-free assay (IC50 = 1.3 μM) and reduces thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat liver microsomes by 72% when used at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. TAN 420E is active against B. brevis, B. cereus, M. flavus, and S. aureus (MICs = 50-100 μg/ml). It is cytotoxic to P388 and KB lymphocytic leukemia cells (EC50s = 0.022 and 0.3 μg/ml, respectively).

FD-211 is a δ lactone originally isolated from M. lutea with anticancer activity.1 It is cytotoxic to adriamycin-susceptible P388, T-24, HeLa, A549, and HL-60 cancer cells (IC50s = 4, 0.5, 1, 1, and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively), as well as adriamycin-resistant HL-60/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.1 μg/ml). FD-211 also inhibits DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in HeLa cells (IC50 = 1.25 μg/ml for all). |1. Nozawa, O., Okazaki, T., Sakai, N., et al. A novel bioactive δ lactone FD-211. Taxonomy, isolation and characterization. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 48(2), 113-118 (1995).