vitamin k reductase

Acenocoumarol 是一种抗凝血剂，与 Vitamin K 拮抗剂的功能相似。

Tecarfarin sodium is a novel orally active non-competitive vitamin K epoxide reductase antagonist. Tecarfarin sodium has the antithrombotic activity.

Tecarfarin (ATI-5923) 是一种具有口服活性和有效性的维生素 K 环氧化物还原酶 (VKOR) 拮抗剂和大麻素-1受体反向激动剂，具有抗血栓形成活性，可减轻小鼠的腹痛并增加肠道转运。

(R)-Acenocoumarol ((R)-Acenocoumarin; (R)-Nicoumalone) 是一种短效且口服有效的抗凝剂，通过抑制维生素 K 环氧还原酶（vitamin K1 recycling）起作用，与Warfarin类似。然而，它在体内的抗凝效力优于Warfarin。该化合物具有单个手性中心，存在两种对映体形式。其中，(R)-Acenocoumarol 相对于 (S)-对映体，具有较长的血浆消除半衰期（6.6 h），较慢的血浆清除率（1.9 L/h），而且体内抗凝效果更为显著。

Menaquinone 9 (MK-9) is a vitamin K2 analog that has been found in various bacteria, including E. coli. MK-9 is UV-sensitive and binds to soluble nitrate reductase, a component of the bacterial electron transport chain. In vivo, MK-9 increases plasma prothrombin concentration in vitamin K-deficient rats.

Acenocoumarol is a short-lived oral anti-coagulant, which, like warfarin, functions by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase. It has higher intrinsic anticoagulant potency than warfarin and phenprocoumon, when evaluated in vitro. Acenocoumarol has a single chiral center that gives rise to two different enantiomeric forms. (S)-Acenocoumarol has a shorter plasma elimination half-life (1.8 hours) and faster plasma clearance (28.5 L/hour), compared to the (R)-enantiomer (6.6 hours, 1.9 L/hour). The S-enantiomer undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, whereas (R)-acenocoumarol is rapidly absorbed and provides essentially complete oral bioavailability. Perhaps related to these pharmacokinetic characteristics, (S)-acenocoumarol is less potent in vivo as an anti-coagulant than the (R)-enantiomer. As the clearance of acenocoumarol is ~20-fold faster than that for warfarin, the plasma concentrations of acenocoumarol are substantially lower than those for warfarin in patients receiving long-term treatment.

Menaquinone-9-d7 是 Menaquinone-9 的氘代化合物。Menaquinone-9 的 CAS 号为 523-39-7。Menaquinone 9 (MK-9) 是一种维生素 K2 类似物，已在包括大肠杆菌在内的各种细菌中发现。Menaquinone 9 对紫外线敏感，可与细菌电子传输链的一种成分可溶性硝酸还原酶结合。