thrombin receptors

Atopaxar hydrobromide 是可口服的，高效选择性的可逆凝血酶受体蛋白酶激活受体-1 拮抗剂。它是一种抗血小板剂，能干扰血小板信号，用于动脉粥样硬化血栓性疾病的研究。

Vorapaxar (MK-5348) 是抗血小板药物，是一种选择性、口服活性和竞争性的凝血酶受体蛋白酶激活受体(PAR-1)拮抗剂，Ki 值为 8.1 nM。它靠剂量依赖性抑制凝血酶受体激活肽 (TRAP) 诱导的血小板聚集。

Atopaxar (E5555) 是一种高效、可口服的，选择性的，可逆的凝血酶受体蛋白酶激活受体-1 (PAR-1) 拮抗剂。它是一种抗血小板剂，能干扰血小板信号，可用于动脉粥样硬化血栓性疾病的研究。

Parmodulin 2 (ML 161) 是一种蛋白酶激活受体 1(PAR1) 变构抑制剂，IC50为 0.26 μM。它是蛋白酶激活受体 1 (PAR1) 介导的血小板活化的抑制剂，可以抑制体外血小板聚集和体内血小板血栓形成。

SCH79797 dihydrochloride 是一种有效的特异性蛋白酶激活受体 1 (PAR1) 拮抗剂，IC50 为 70 nM，Ki 为 35 nM。SCH79797 dihydrochloride 具有抗增殖和促凋亡作用。

AC-55541 (AOB2796) 是高选择性的蛋白酶激活受体 2(PAR2)激动剂，pEC50为6.7。它在 PI 水解测定和 Ca2+动态测定中的pEC50值为 5.9 和 6.6，在体内表现出伤害感受器活性。

Vorapaxar sulfate (Zontivity) 是一种选择性、口服活性和竞争性的凝血酶受体蛋白酶激活受体(PAR-1)拮抗剂，Ki 值为 8.1 nM。它剂量依赖性抑制凝血酶受体激活肽 (TRAP) 诱导的血小板聚集，是抗血小板药物。

AC-264613 是一种选择性蛋白酶激活受体 (PAR-2) 激动剂，pEC50为 7.5。

I-191 是选择性有效的蛋白酶激活受体 2 拮抗剂。

Protease-Activated Receptor-4 是蛋白酶激活受体 4 激动剂，具有抗血小板治疗。

Protease-Activated Receptor-2, amide (SLIGKV-NH2) 是 PAR2 的激动剂，IC50为 10.4 M。

PAR-2-IN-1 (IUN76750) 是一种 PAR-​2 信号通路抑制剂，具有抗炎和抗癌作用。

SLIGRL-NH2 (Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Activating Peptide) 为一种蛋白酶激活受体-2 (PAR-2) 激动剂，具有诱导非组胺能性瘙痒的功能。

PAR-4 Agonist Peptide, amide TFA (PAR-4-AP (TFA)) 是一种蛋白酶激活受体 4 (PAR-4) 激动剂，对 PAR-1 或 PAR-2 均无影响，其作用可被 PAR-4 拮抗剂阻断。

AZ3451 是蛋白酶激活受体 2 的变构拮抗剂，IC50值为 23 nM。

Psychotridine is an alkaloid that has been found inP. forsterianaand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3It inhibits ADP-, collagen-, or thrombin-induced aggregation of washed isolated human platelets with IC50values of 1.4, 1.4, and 3.9 μM, respectively.1Psychotridine (2.5 or 5 μM) is cytotoxic to HTC rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells.2It reduces paw licking induced by capsaicin in mice when administered at doses of 0.5, 2.5, or 5 mg kg.3 1.Beretz, A., Roth-Georger, A., Corre, G., et al.Polyindolinic alkaloids from Psychotria forsteriana. Potent inhibitors of the aggregation of human plateletsPlanta Med.51(4)300-303(1985) 2.Roth, A., Kuballa, B., Bounthanh, C., et al.Cytotoxic activity of polyindoline alkaloids of Psychotria forsteriana (Rubiaceae) (1)Planta Med.6450-453(1986) 3.Amador, T.A., Verotta, L., Nunes, D.S., et al.Involvement of NMDA receptors in the analgesic properties of psychotridinePhytomedicine8(3)202-206(2001)

RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride is a potent, selective, peptide-mimetic inhibitor of PAR-1 activation and internalization (binding IC50=0.44 uM) and shows no effect on PAR-2, PAR-3, or PAR-4. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride inhibits the aggregation of human platelets induced by both SFLLRN-NH2 (IC50=0.16 μM) and thrombin (IC50=0.34 μM), quite selective relative to U46619 . RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride blocks angiogenesis and blocks the formation of new vessels in vivo. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride induces cell apoptosis[1][2]. Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are a family of G protein-coupled receptors activated by the proteolytic cleavage of their N-terminal extracellular domain, exposing a new amino terminal sequence that functions as a tethered ligand to activate the receptors.RWJ56110 inhibits the aggregation of human platelets induced by both SFLLRN-NH2 (IC50=0.16 μM) and thrombin (IC50=0.34 μM) while being quite selective relative to collagen and the thromboxane mimetic U46619 [1].RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride is fully inhibits thrombin-induced RASMC proliferation with an IC50 value of 3.5 μM. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride shows blockade of thrombin's action with RASMC calcium mobilization (IC50=0.12 μM), as well as with HMVEC (IC50=0.13 μM) and HASMC calcium mobilization (IC50=0.17 μM)[1].RWJ56110 (0.1-10 μM; 24-96 hours) inhibits endothelial cell growth dose-dependently, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration of RWJ56110 is approximately 10 μM[2].RWJ56110 (0.1-10 μM; 6 hours) inhibits DNA synthesis of endothelial cells in a thymidine incorporation assays. Endothelial cells are in fast-growing state (50-60% confluence), RWJ56110 inhibits cell DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, but when cells that are in the quiescent state (100% confluent), the inhibitory effect of PAR-1 antagonists is much less pronounced[2].RWJ56110 (0.1-10 μM; pretreatment for 15 min) inhibits thrombin-induced Erk1 2 activation in a concentration-dependent manner. However, when endothelial cells are stimulated by FBS (final concentration 4%), it reduces partially the activated levels of Erk1 2[2].RWJ56110 (30 μM; 24 hours) has an inhibitory effect on endothelial cell cycle progression. It reduces the percentage of cells in the S phase, while alterations in the percentages of G1 and G2 M cells are less pronounced[2]. Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Line: Endothelial cells [1]. Andrade-Gordon, et al.Design, synthesis, and biological characterization of a peptide-mimetic antagonist for a tethered-ligand receptor. oc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 26;96(22):12257-62. [2]. Panagiota Zania, et al. Blockade of angiogenesis by small molecule antagonists to protease-activated receptor-1: association with endothelial cell growth suppression and induction of apoptosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jul;318(1):246-54.

12(S)-HETrE是一种内源性代谢物，由血小板中的12-脂氧合酶（12-LOX）氧化ω-6 PUFA dihomo-γ-linolenic acid(DGLA)产生，作用于Gαs偶联的G蛋白偶联受体，具有抗血栓形成的作用，在心血管疾病具有潜在的治疗作用。12(S)-HETrE 在体外可抑制激动剂介导的血小板活化（IC50 = 40 μM）、α 颗粒分泌、整合素 αⅡbβ3 活化、Rap1 活化和凝血酶诱导的血块回缩。

Ala-parafluoroPhe-Arg-Cha-Cit-Tyr-NH2是一类具有生物活性的肽，作为蛋白酶激活受体1 (PAR-1) 的选择性激动剂，其特异性优于PAR-2。该肽通过HEK293细胞进行的基于细胞的钙信号传导测定确认了其对PAR-1的高特异性，并可用于研究PAR-1在体内的激活。PAR-1除了介导凝血酶的多种细胞作用外，还与PAR-4协作，参与调控凝血酶诱导的被分类为“凝血型”的肝细胞癌。