protein folding

Lumacaftor (VRT 826809) 是一种 CFTR 调节剂，可纠正 CFTR 蛋白的折叠和运输。它增强了 FRT 细胞中 F508del-CFTR 蛋白的成熟，EC50为100 nM。

Onalespib (AT13387) 是一种合成的、口服生物可利用的热休克蛋白 90 (Hsp90) 小分子抑制剂，Kd 值为 0.71 nM。具有潜在的抗肿瘤活性。它选择性地与 Hsp90 结合，从而抑制其伴侣功能并促进参与肿瘤细胞增殖和存活的致癌信号蛋白的降解。

SM875 是一种针对细胞朊病毒蛋白 (cellular prion protein, PrP) 的降解剂，IC50 为 7.87 μM。SM875 通过靶向 PrP 折叠中间体，促进其经自噬-溶酶体途径降解，仅对新生和未成熟的 PrP 分子有效，而不影响合成前的成熟 PrP。SM875 能够抑制朊病毒复制，在神经退行性疾病（即朊病毒疾病）的研究中具有应用潜力。

(±)-trans-1,2-Bis(2-mercaptoacetamido)cyclohexane (BMC) is a cyclohexane with two mercaptoacetamido groups. It is used, both in vitro and in vivo, to promote the correct folding of proteins that require disulfide bonds for functionality. For in vitro applications, BMC may be used to facilitate protein refolding of solubilized proteins from inclusion bodies. Reducing agents, like dithiothreitol, may interfere with refolding. BMC may also be added to the growth medium of cells, including yeast cells, to enhance the folding of proteins with disulfide bonds in vivo.

(R)-Posenacaftor ((R)-PTI-801) sodium, the R enantiomer of Posenacaftor, is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein modulator. It corrects the folding and trafficking of the CFTR protein, and is utilized in the research of cystic fibrosis (CF)[1].

Posenacaftor (PTI-801) sodium, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulator, corrects CFTR protein folding and trafficking. It is utilized in researching cystic fibrosis (CF)[1].

TLQP-21 TFA, a VGF-derived peptide endowed of endocrine and extraendocrine properties, is a potent G-protein-coupled receptor complement-3a receptor1 (C3aR1) agonist (EC50: mouse TLQP-21=10.3 μM; human TLQP-21=68.8μM). TLQP-21 TFA activates C3aR1 to induce an increase of intracellular Ca2+. TLQP-21 TFA is used for the research in regulation of nociception and other relevant physiologic functions[1][2]. TLQP-21 TFA is a peptide of 21 amino acids. At a dose of 3 μM TLQP-21 induces up to ~69% of the corresponding contraction promoted by acetylcholine[1][2]. [1]. Elena Bresciani , et al. TLQP-21, A VGF-Derived Peptide Endowed of Endocrine and Extraendocrine Properties: Focus on In Vitro Calcium Signaling. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 24;21(1):130. [2]. Cheryl Cero, et al. The TLQP-21 Peptide Activates the G-protein-coupled Receptor C3aR1 via a Folding-Upon-Binding Mechanism. ructure. 2014 Dec 2;22(12):1744-1753.

6-Amino-8-trifluoromethylphenanthridine (6A-8tFP) is an antiprion agent and a derivative of 6-aminophenanthridine . It inhibits protein folding activity of the ribosome (PFAR) when used at a concentration of 150 μM. 6A-8tFP directly competes with protein substrates for the ribosomal active site.

6-Aminophenanthridine is an antiprion agent. It inhibits prion formation in yeast- and mammalian-based screening assays when used alone and, to a greater extent, when used in combination with the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist guanabenz . 6-Aminophenanthridine (300 μM) inhibits protein folding activity of the ribosome (PFAR) by directly competing with protein substrates for the active site and decreases the yield of refolded protein without affecting the refolding rate. It prevents progressive wing position defects in a Drosophila model of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) when larvae are raised on medium containing doses ranging from 300 to 400 μM and in adults following dietary administration of 1-3 mM doses. 6-Aminophenanthridine also reduces muscle degeneration and decreases the number of nuclear inclusions in thoracic muscle in a Drosophila model of OPMD.

(4-Chloro-thiazol-2-yl)acetic acid 已被用于多种科学研究应用，包括蛋白质折叠、酶抑制和信号转导。

α-Glucosidase-IN-11 是一种高渗透性的 α-葡萄糖苷酶 (α-glucosidase) 的竞争性抑制剂 (IC50: 0.56 μM)。α-Glucosidase-IN-11 能够结合 α-葡萄糖苷酶中 Trp 残基，对蛋白质的折叠具有调节作用，能够用于血糖水平的调节。

Posenacaftor (PTI-801) 是一种囊性纤维化跨膜调节蛋白 (CFTR) 调节剂，可纠正 CFTR 蛋白的折叠和运输。Posenacaftor 能够用于研究囊性纤维化 (CF) 。

Fmoc-Dha-OH (2-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}amino)prop-2-enoic acid) 是一种生物活性化合物，是肽和蛋白质合成的重要组成部分。它常用于合成基于肽的药物，也用于蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、蛋白质折叠和蛋白质工程的研究。

Tau protein aggregation-IN-1（化合物 0c）是一种针对Tau protein聚集的抑制剂。该化合物主要应用于研究蛋白质折叠障碍类疾病，包括阿尔茨海默病、痴呆、帕金森病、亨廷顿舞蹈病及基于朊病毒引起的海绵状脑病。

Pochonin D 是一种抑制热休克蛋白 90 (Hsp90) 的化合物，展现出抗病毒和抗炎特性。通过抑制 Hsp90，Pochonin D 影响病毒蛋白的稳态、折叠及组装，降低病毒复制能力。此外，它减少炎症细胞的浸润和炎性细胞因子（如 TNF-α、IL-1β）的分泌，从而减轻炎症反应。Pochonin D 在人鼻病毒 (HRV) 感染和癌症研究中具有应用潜力。

Luciferase 是一种在生物发光细菌中发现的依赖黄素的单加氧酶。 Luciferase 是识别和表征功能变体的宝贵工具，可用于研究基因表达、细胞内信号传导、转录因子、受体活性和蛋白质折叠。

NDSB 256-4T 是非洗涤性磺胺甜菜碱化合物，通过与早期折叠中间体相互作用，能够防止蛋白质聚集并促进其折叠。