positive control

ARM1 是氨基肽酶和环氧化物水解酶抑制剂，IC50分别为为7.61 µM 和12.4 µM。

D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone hydrate 是β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的有效抑制剂（IC50=48.4 μM），可用作标准药物。D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone hydrate 显示出抗癌、解毒和抗氧化的活性性。

Bifenazate 是 GABA 受体的正向变构调节剂。 Bifenazate 是一种杀螨剂，可在 25 ppm 的浓度下控制 100% 的螨虫。

5'-pApA is a linearized form of cyclic di-AMP, a bacterial second messenger that activates the host innate immune system through stimulator of interferon genes (STING).1,2,3,4It is a metabolite of cyclic di-AMP formedviahydrolysis by various phosphodiesterases (PDEs).55'-pApA is intended for use as a negative control for cyclic di-AMP signaling. 1.Burdette, D.L., Monroe, K.M., Sotelo-Troha, K., et al.STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic-di-GMPNature478(7370)515-518(2011) 2.Parvatiyar, K., Zhang, Z., Teles, R.M., et al.DDX41 recognizes bacterial secondary messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP to activate a type I interferon immune responseNat. Immunol.13(12)1155-1161(2012) 3.Woodward, J.J., Iavarone, A.T., and Portnoy, D.A.c-di-AMP secreted by intracellular Listeria monocytogenes activates a host type I interferon responseScience328(5986)1703-1705(2010) 4.Witte, C.E., Whiteley, A.T., Burke, T.P., et al.Cyclic di-AMP is critical for Listeria monocytogenes growth, cell wall homeostasis, and establishment of infectionmBio4(3)e00282-00213(2013) 5.Fahmi, T., Port, G.C., and Cho, K.H.c-di-AMP: An essential molecule in the signaling pathways that regulate the viability and virulence of gram-positive bacteriaGenes (Basel)8(8)197(2017)

Givinostat(ITF-2357)是一种非选择性和口服活性的HDAC抑制剂，能够抑制STAT5磷酸化，对crlf2重排的BCP-ALL具有抗肿瘤活性并诱导凋亡。Givinostat具有抗炎活性，在endotoxin刺激的PBMCs中抑制TNF-α和IL-1β，还能够促进β细胞的存活，可用于糖尿病、急性淋巴细胞白血病和关节炎。

MCA17-1 exhibits superior bioactivity compared to the positive control, obeticholic acid (OCA), in the treatment of liver fibrosis.

The growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) play major roles in enhanced smooth muscle cells growth in rodent blood vessels after vascular injury. Tyrosine kinase inhibition has been shown to be effective in blocking tyrosine phosphorylation at the PDGF and bFGF receptors in cultured fibroblast and vascular smooth muscle cells which in turn inhibits their proliferation[1]. CGP 53716 is a specific PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor on SMC (smooth muscle cell) proliferation and migration in vitro and in neointimal formationin vivo[3]. CGP 53716 inhibited serum-induced cell growth in RASMC (rat aortic smooth muscle cells). And it completely blocked PDGF-BB tyrosine receptor autophosphorylation in RASMC and 3T3 cells, PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase at 1 μM in RASMC and inhibited PDGF-BB-induced c-Fos protein expression at 1 μM in RASMC; consistent with inhibition of PDGF-BB-induced DNA synthesis. Further, CGP 53716 inhibited PDGF-BB-, bFGF- and EGF-induced DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner in each cell line. And it showed a 2- to 4-fold selectivity for PDGF-BB-stimulated DNA synthesis over bFGF or EGF in RASMC or 3T3 cells[1]. CGP 53716 inhibited dose dependently tyrosine phosphorylation of both the known PDGFRs: the PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β. After rat carotid artery ballooning injuryin vivo, the migration of alpha-actin-positive cells on the luminal side of internal elastic lamina was decreased with 50 mg kg day of CGP 53716 from 38 ± 10 (control group) to 4 ± 2. Intima media ratio was inhibited by 40% after 14 days in the CGP 53716-treated group (P=0.028) after rat aortic denudation[3].

DC-120 is an ATP competitive AKT kinase inhibitor that suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. DC120 blocked the phosphorylation of downstream molecules in the AKT signal pathway in dose- and time-dependent manners both in vitro and in vivo. DC120 inhibits AKT activity in vitro with an EC(50) of 153 nM. DC120 at 20 mg kg day inhibited the CNE2 xenograft tumor growth with a treated group control group ratio of 38.1%, accompanied by increasing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasedUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells in the tumor sample.

RatIgG2bkappa, Isotype Control 是一种源自大鼠的IgG2bκ抗体同型对照，用于排除或减少由于非特异性结合带来的假阳性结果。

Baquiloprim (Standard) 是 Baquiloprim 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Baquiloprim为一种抗生素，作为细菌二氢叶酸还原酶的选择性抑制剂，对革兰氏阴性及革兰氏阳性细菌展现体外抑菌活性。

Cefotaxime sodium (Standard) 是 Cefotaxime sodium 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Cefotaxime sodium (Cefotaxim sodium salt) 是头孢类抗生素和耐内酰胺酶的头孢菌素，有抗革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌作用。

D-(+)-Melezitose (Standard) is the standard substance of D-(+)-Melezitose, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. D-(+)-Melezitose can be used to identify indole-positive and indole-negative Klebsiella clinical isolates.

Flucloxacillin sodium (Standard) 是 Flucloxacillin sodium 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Flucloxacillin sodium (floxacillin sodium) 是一种高活性抗生素，抑制革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌。

Garenoxacin (Standard) 是 Garenoxacin 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Garenoxacin (BMS284756) 是一种新型的口服 des-fluoro(6) 喹诺酮，有抗菌活性，可抑制呼吸道病原体。

Gemifloxacin mesylate (Standard) 是 Gemifloxacin mesylate 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Gemifloxacin mesylate (Gemifloxacin mesylate) 是一种喹诺酮类口服广谱抗菌剂，可研究轻中度肺炎和慢性支气管炎的急性细菌性发作。

Kanamycin sulfate (Standard) 是 Kanamycin sulfate 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Kanamycin sulfate (Kanamycin monosulfate) 属于氨基糖苷类抗生素，通过与细菌 70S 核糖体亚基结合来干扰蛋白质合成。Kanamycin sulfate 具有抗菌活性，对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌及支原体都有抑制作用。

Linolelaidic acid (Standard) 是 Linolelaidic acid 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Linolelaidic acid ((9E，12E)-octadeca-9，12-dienoic acid) 是 CTL 活性的主要正调节，是一种具有口服活性的人体必需营养素，具有抗炎和抗寄生虫 (Parasite) 活性，通过改善代谢适应性、防止疲惫和刺激具有卓越效应功能的记忆样表型，增强 ER-线粒体接触 （MERC） 的形成，诱导细胞凋亡，可用于研究感染。

Nitrofurazone (Standard) 是 Nitrofurazone 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Nitrofurazone（ Nitrofural; Furacilin）是一种具有口服活性的硝基芳香类广谱抗生素，对革兰氏阳性和阴性菌均有活性，常用于构建乳腺癌模型。

Norfloxacin (Standard) 是 Norfloxacin 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Norfloxacin (MK-0366) 是广谱抗生素，能通过结合DNA 旋转酶抑制革兰氏阳性和阴性菌。

Pefloxacin Mesylate (Standard) 是 Pefloxacin Mesylate 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Pefloxacin Mesylate (Pefloxacinium mesylate) 是一种抗菌化合物，可抑制DNA 旋转酶阻断DNA 复制。

Rifampicin (Standard) 是 Rifampicin 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Rifampicin (Rifamycin AMP) 是一种广谱抗生素。Rifampicin 对结核杆菌有较强抗菌作用，对革兰氏阳性或阴性细菌、病毒等也有疗效。

Spectinomycin sulfate hydrate (Standard) 是 Spectinomycin sulfate hydrate 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Spectinomycin sulfate hydrate 是一种抗细菌生长的广谱抗生素，具有抗多种革兰氏阳性及阴性细菌的能力。它通过特异性靶向细菌的核糖体来干扰蛋白质的合成。此外，Spectinomycin sulfate hydrate 亦作为 td 内含子 RNA 的非竞争性抑制剂，其 Ki 值为 7.2 mM。

Spiramycin (Standard) 是 Spiramycin 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Spiramycin (Rovamycin) 是一种由安博链霉菌产生的大环内酯类抗生素，具有抗细菌和弓形虫活性，并具有抗寄生虫作用。它由 16 个内酯环组成，其上附着 mycaminose，forosamine 和 mycarose 三种糖。

Sulfaquinoxaline Sodium Salt (Standard) 是 Sulfaquinoxaline Sodium Salt 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Sulfaquinoxaline sodium salt (SQ-Na) 是一种兽用广谱抗菌剂，有抗革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌活性。Sulfaquinoxaline 能用于预防球虫病和细菌感染。