mortality

Penciclovir (BRL 39123) 是一种疱疹病毒核苷类似物 DNA 聚合酶抑制剂。它作用于HSV1 和 2，IC50分别为 0.04-1.8 μg mL 和 0.06-4.4 μg mL。

PMEDAP 是有效的人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 复制抑制剂。它具有抗小鼠巨细胞病毒活性。它有效抑制莫罗尼鼠肉瘤病毒诱导的肿瘤形成和相关死亡率。

Gizzerosine 是一种在饲料加工过程中形成的生物胺，是一种毒性物质，会诱导家畜死亡。

Zoliprofen 是一种一种高效的且可口服的非甾体抗炎剂，具有抗炎、解热和镇痛活性，对角叉菜素、制霉菌素、刀豆球蛋白A 诱导的大鼠爪水肿，以及抗大鼠兔血清诱导的骨折或背皮水肿具有抑制作用。Zoliprofen 在大鼠和兔子中对胶原蛋白或花生四烯酸引起的血小板聚集方面比布洛芬和非诺洛芬有效20倍。Zoliprofen 对小鼠内毒素诱导的腹泻和花生四烯酸诱导的兔急性死亡抑制作用显著。

Benzthiazide (Lemazide) 是长效利尿剂及抗高血压剂。它也是碳酸酐酶 9 的抑制剂，他对 CA9，CA2 和 CA1 的 Ki 分别为 8.0，8.8 和 10 nM。它对肿瘤细胞增殖具有抑制作用。

Homovanillyl alcohol 是羟基酪醇的生物代谢物。Hydroxytyrosol 是存在于原始橄榄油和葡萄酒中的酚类化合物。它能够保护红细胞免受氧化损伤，并对心血管具有保护作用。

AM281 是选择性CB1受体拮抗剂，IC50=9.91 nM。它抑制 CB2 受体，IC50=13000 nM。

Rupatadine(UR-12592,卢帕他定)是一种有效和可口服的PAF和组胺H1受体的双重拮抗剂，Ki 值分别为 0.55 μM 和 0.1 μM，能够缓解过敏症状并抗炎，可用于过敏性鼻炎和慢性荨麻疹。

(±)-Licarin A ((±)-trans-Dehydrodiisoeugenol) is a dihydrobenzofuran neolignan, the resultant of an oxidative coupling reaction of isoeugenol and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. (±)-Licarin A shows 100% parasites mortality at 200 μM.

Fervenulin 具有杀灭线虫活性，抑制线虫M. incognita 卵孵化和 J2 的校正死亡率，MIC 分别为 30 μg mL 和 120 μg mL。

UMB24 是一种针对σ2受体 (σ2 receptor) 的有效拮抗剂，其在σ2与σ1受体上的Ki值分别是170 nM和322 nM。此化合物能有效缓解可卡因所引发的抽搐及运动活动，同时不会造成致命后果。

APOL1-IN-2 (Compound 467) 是一种针对载脂蛋白 1 (APOL1) 的抑制剂。其可以显著降低APOL1 G2 G1 在HEK293细胞中的诱导死亡，EC50分别为4.74 nM和14.3 nM。此外，APOL1-IN-2 还能够减少APOL1 G2 G1 G0 对锥虫的诱导死亡，EC50分别为2.24、6.03和3.72 nM。

3'-Ethoxy-5,6-dihydrospinosyn J 17-pseudoaglycone 是一种多杀菌素的衍生物，具有高效的杀虫活性。3'-Ethoxy-5,6-dihydrospinosyn J 17-pseudoaglycone (500mg L) 能够对粘虫、蚜虫和红蜘蛛实现 100% 的致死率。

QKY-613 是一种通过靶向核酸修饰途径以提升免疫监视能力的前药。其作用机制为促进6mdA (N6-甲基脱氧腺苷) 在病毒 DNA 中的选择性掺入，增强 DNA 的相分离能力，从而提高 cGAS 的激活，强化宿主免疫监视。在病毒感染的小鼠模型中，它显著降低了老年小鼠的死亡率。QKY-613 有望用于研究基于核酸修饰的免疫监视机制。

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 是一种多氯二苯并二恶英 (PCDD) 同源物。在最高剂量 (10,000 μg kg) 下，该化合物可导致 H W 和 A 系大鼠肝脏苍白 (脂肪肝)、胃肠道出血和早期死亡。此外，1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 还会引起肝窦扩张，甚至导致 B 系大鼠严重紫癜。

SRSF1-IN-1 (STP2) 是一种有效的SRSF1抑制剂，通过抑制SRSF1的表达来调控Bcl-x前体mRNA的剪切。该化合物在体内外显示出对肿瘤的抑制作用，对HepG2、MCF7等肿瘤细胞的IC50范围为0.33-6.93 μM。在小鼠实验中，SRSF1-IN-1以腹腔注射1 g kg的剂量展现了良好的安全性，无死亡或病理损伤情况，被认为在抗肿瘤领域具有研究潜力[1]。

GSK J5 对血吸虫和蠕虫具有抑制作用，常被当作一种吸血虫杀虫剂。GSK J5 以剂量和时间依赖的方式促进血吸虫死亡。GSK J5 可提高血吸虫死亡率、减低成虫活力。

SUN-C5174 is a sleective 5-HT2 antagonist (pA2=8.98+ -0.06). SUN C5174 showed a marked inhibitory effect on the platelet aggregation induced by serotonin in combination with collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in canine or human platelet-rich plasma

Neospiramycin I is a macrolide antibiotic and derivative of spiramycin I.1It is active against the macrolide-sensitive KB210, but not the macrolide-resistant KB224, strain ofS. aureus(MICs = 3.12 and >100 μg/ml, respectively), as well asB. cereus,B. subtilis,M. luteus,E. coli, andK. pneumoniae(MICs = 1.56, 3.12, 3.12, 0.2, 50, and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively). Neospiramycin I binds toE. coliribosomes with an IC50value of 1.2 μM. It protects against mortality in a mouse model ofS. pneumoniaetype III infection (ED50= 399.8 mg/kg).2

Monocerin is a fungal metabolite that has been found inF. larvarumand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3It is active against the bacteriaE. coliandB. megaterium, the phytopathogenic fungusM. violaceum, and the algaC. fuscain an agar diffusion assay when used at a concentration of 50 μg/disc.1Monocerin (17.5 μg/ml) induces mortality in adultC. erythrocephala.2It reduces root elongation in pre-germinatedS. halepenseseeds when used at a concentration of 33 ppm.3 1.Zhang, W., Krohn, K., Draeger, S., et al.Bioactive isocoumarins isolated from the endophytic fungus Microdochium bolleyiJ. Nat. Prod.71(6)1078-1081(2008) 2.Claydon, N., Grove, J.F., and Pople, M.Insecticidal secondary metabolic products from the entomogenous fungus Fusarium larvarumJ. Invertebr. Pathol.33(3)364-367(1979) 3.Robeson, D.J., and Strobel, G.A.Monocerin, a phytotoxin from Exserohilum turcicum (Drechslera turcica)Agr. BioI. Chem.46(11)2681-2683(1982)

Tetranactin is a macrotetrolide and a monovalent cation ionophore that has been found in S. aureus and has antibacterial, insecticidal, and mitogenic activities. It exhibits an equilibrium permeability ratio 1,000-fold greater for lithium than sodium or cesium ions accross bilayer membranes at low voltages. Tetranactin inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and C. miyabeanus and R. solani fungi when used at concentrations less than 0.9 μg/ml. Tetranactin (0.5-1.5 μg per insect) dose-dependently increases the mortality of adult C. chinensis weevils up to 100% and has mitogenic activity against T. telarius when sprayed onto plants with an LC50 value of 9.2 μg/ml. It reduces IL-1β- and cAMP-induced secretion of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from rat mesangial cells (IC50s = 43 and 33 nM, respectively). Tetranactin (50 ng/ml) suppresses the proliferation of human T lymphocytes induced by allogeneic cells and IL-2 and supresses the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte cultures. In vivo, tetranactin (10 mg/animal per day) completely inhibits the formation of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats.

Phenylpyropene A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from P. griseofulvum that has enzyme inhibitory and insecticidal activities.1,2,3 It inhibits acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; IC50 = 0.8 μM).1 Phenylpyropene A inhibits diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) in rat liver microsomes (IC50 = 78.7 μM). It induces mortality in 100% of M. persicae when used at a concentration of 5 ppm.3 |1. Kwon, O.E., Rho, M.C., Song, H.Y., et al. Phenylpyropene A and B, new inhibitors of acyl-CoA: Cholesterol acyltransferase produced by Penicillium griseofulvum F1959. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 55(11), 1004-1008 (2002).|2. Lee, S.W., Rho, M.C., Choi, J.H., et al. Inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase by phenylpyropenes produced by Penicillium griseofulvum F1959. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18(11), 1785-1788 (2008).|3. Horikoshi, R., Goto, K., Mitomi, M., et al. Identification of pyripyropene A as a promising insecticidal compound in a microbial metabolite screening. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 70(3), 272-276 (2017).

Piericidin B is a bacterial metabolite that has been found inS. mobaraensisand has insecticidal and antimicrobial activities.1,2,3It inhibits NADH oxidase activity in isolated bovine heart mitochondria and inhibits respiration in isolated rat liver mitochondria and isolated cockroach (P. americana) muscle mitochondria.2,3Topical application of piericidin B (4 μg insect) induces mortality in 87.5% of houseflies (M. domestica).1It induces 93.3, 100, and 100% mortality in rice stem borer (C. simples), silkworm (B. mori), and green caterpillar (P. rapae) larvae, respectively, when applied at respective concentrations of 60, 4.8, and 96 μg larva. Piericidin B is active against the fungiT. asteroides,T. rubrum,M. gypseum, andC. neoforms(MICs = 20, 10, 20, and 2 μg ml, respectively), as well as the bacteriaM. luteusandP. vulgaris(MICs = 50 and 100 μg ml, respectively). 1.Takahashi, N., Suzuki, A., Kimura, Y., et al.Isolation, structure and physiological activities of piericidin B, natural Insecticide produced by a StreptomycesAgr. Biol. Chem.32(9)1115-1122(1968) 2.Jeng, M., Hall, C., Crane, F.L., et al.Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport by piericidin A and related compoundsBiochemistry7(4)1311-1322(1968) 3.Mitsui, T., Fukami, J.-I., Fukunaga, K., et al.Studies on piericidin. I. : Effects of piericidin A and B on mitochondrial electron transport in insect muscle comparing with rotenoneSci. Insect Control34(3)126-134(1969)

Avilamycin A is an antibiotic.1 It is active against veterinary isolates of C. perfringens (MICs = ≤0.06-0.5 mg/L) and B. hyodysenteriae (MICs = 12.5-100 μg/ml).1,2 Dietary administration of avilamycin A (15 and 30 ppm) reduces mortality in a broiler cockerel model of C. perfringens infection.3 Formulations containing avilamycin A have been used in the prevention of necrotic enteritis in livestock. |1. Watkins, K.L., Shryock, T.R., Dearth, R.N., et al. In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens from commercial turkey and broiler chicken origin. Vet. Microbiol. 54(2), 195-200 (1997).|2. Uezato, K., Kinjo, E., and Adachi, Y. In vitro susceptibility of 21 antimicrobial agents to 37 isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolated from pigs in Okinawa Prefecture. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(3), 307-309 (2004).|3. Paradis, M.A., McMillan, E., Bagg, R., et al. Efficacy of avilamycin for the prevention of necrotic enteritis caused by a pathogenic strain of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 45(3), 365-369 (2016).