Isovaleryl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring acylcarnitine that is formed via metabolic conversion of L-leucine. It increases survival and decreases apoptosis in hepatocyte growth factor-deprived murine C2.8 hepatocytes when used at a concentration of 1 mM. Isovaleryl-L-carnitine inhibits amino acid deprivation-induced proteolysis and autophagy in isolated perfused rat liver when used at concentrations of 77 and 100 μM, respectively. Increased levels of isovaleryl carnitine are associated with isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (isovaleric acidemia).
TG11-77 HCl is a novel, Potent, Selective, Water Soluble, Brain-Permeable EP2 Receptor Antagonist. TG11-77 HCl has a Schild KB of 9.7 nM on EP2, a water solubility of 2.5 mM, a brain-to-plasma ratio of 0.4, and a plasma half-life of 2.4 h in mice. TG11-77 HCl are representative second generation EP2 antagonists with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties.
TG11-77 free base is a novel, Potent, Selective, Water Soluble, Brain-Permeable EP2 Receptor Antagonist. TG11-77 free base has a Schild KB of 9.7 nM on EP2, a water solubility of 2.5 mM, a brain-to-plasma ratio of 0.4, and a plasma half-life of 2.4 h in mice. TG11-77 free base are representative second generation EP2 antagonists with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties.