larvae

Piperitone 是强大的驱虫剂和抗食欲剂。它对 Cymbopogon schoenanthus(C. schoenanthus) 成虫、新产卵和新生幼虫有很大的毒性。

Cyromazine (CGA-72662) 是三聚氰胺的环丙基衍生物，是昆虫生长调节剂，用作杀虫剂和杀螨剂，通过影响某些昆虫幼虫阶段的神经系统而起作用。

ALPHA-PINENE ((-)-Alpha-Pinene) 是一种双环单萜，存在于松树和其他植物中，包括具有多种生物活性的大麻。它减少了 7 种革兰氏阳性菌、7 种革兰氏阴性菌和 8 种酵母菌株的生长，MIC 值分别为 0.75-1.29、1.05-1.59 和 0.7-1.17%。它对 C. molestus 幼虫具有杀虫活性，LC50 值范围为 47 至 49 mg/L。它(100 μg/ml) 可诱导细胞凋亡，增加阴离子超氧化物的产生和 DNA 片段化，并激活 B16/ 中的 caspase-3 F10 黑色素瘤细胞 。在 B16/F10 小鼠异种移植模型中，它（100 ml 的 10 mg/ml 溶液）可将转移性肺结节的数量减少约 7 倍。它（8.6 mg/L，气溶胶）还使小鼠在高架十字迷宫的张开臂​​中花费的时间增加了大约 2 倍，表明具有抗焦虑活性。

(E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) 是一种存在于 Phlomis aurea Decne中的倍半萜烃，是许多蚜虫报警信息素的主要成分，可中断蚜虫摄食。(E)-β-Farnesene 通过破坏昆虫激素平衡来损害 Chilo suppressalis 幼虫的发育和存活。

Albaspidin AA displays strong antibacterial activity against the vegetative form of P. larvae (MIC ranging from 0.168-220 uM). It may have in vitro nematocidal activity against L4 stage larvae.

(+)-δ-Cadinene 是一种从G. hirsutum 中发现的倍半萜，具有抗菌、杀虫、抗癌和抗增殖活性。 它对肺炎双球菌的MIC 值为31.25 μg/ml，对 A. stephensi、A. aegypti 和 C. quinquefasciatust 三龄幼虫的LC50s 值分别8.23、9. 2和3。(+)-δ-Cadinene（10、50 和 100 μM）可诱导 OVCAR-3 人类卵巢癌细胞凋亡并抑制其增殖。

Aspergillimide is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. japonicus.1 It reduces nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) peak and slowly-desensitizing amplitudes induced by acetylcholine in silkworm (B. mori) larval neurons (IC50s = 20.2 and 39.6 nM, respectively) but has no effect on chicken α3β4-, α4β2-, and α7-containing nAChRs.2 Dietary administration of aspergillimide A (10 μg/g of diet) induces paralysis in silkworm fourth instar larvae.1 Aspergillimide A (10 and 20 mg/kg) reduces T. colubriformis fecal egg count in gerbils.3References1. Hayashi, H., Nishimoto, Y., Akiyama, K., et al. New paralytic alkaloids, asperparalines A, B and C, from Aspergillus japonicus JV-23. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64(1), 111-115 (2000).2. Hirata, K., Kataoka, S., Furutani, S., et al. A fungal metabolite asperparaline a strongly and selectively blocks insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: The first report on the mode of action. PLoS One 6(4), e18354 (2011).3. Banks, R.M., Blanchflower, S.E., Everett, J.R., et al. Novel anthelmintic metabolites from an Aspergillus species; the aspergillimides. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 50(10), 840-846 (1997). Aspergillimide is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. japonicus.1 It reduces nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) peak and slowly-desensitizing amplitudes induced by acetylcholine in silkworm (B. mori) larval neurons (IC50s = 20.2 and 39.6 nM, respectively) but has no effect on chicken α3β4-, α4β2-, and α7-containing nAChRs.2 Dietary administration of aspergillimide A (10 μg/g of diet) induces paralysis in silkworm fourth instar larvae.1 Aspergillimide A (10 and 20 mg/kg) reduces T. colubriformis fecal egg count in gerbils.3 References1. Hayashi, H., Nishimoto, Y., Akiyama, K., et al. New paralytic alkaloids, asperparalines A, B and C, from Aspergillus japonicus JV-23. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64(1), 111-115 (2000).2. Hirata, K., Kataoka, S., Furutani, S., et al. A fungal metabolite asperparaline a strongly and selectively blocks insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: The first report on the mode of action. PLoS One 6(4), e18354 (2011).3. Banks, R.M., Blanchflower, S.E., Everett, J.R., et al. Novel anthelmintic metabolites from an Aspergillus species; the aspergillimides. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 50(10), 840-846 (1997).

Antibiotic PF 1052 is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Phoma.1,2 It is active against S. aureus, S. parvulus, and C. perfringens (MICs = 3.13, 0.78, and 0.39 μg/ml, respectively), among others.1 It inhibits neutrophil migration in a wound assay using zebrafish larvae expressing GFP-labeled neutrophils, reducing pseudopodia formation and inducing rounding of neutrophils.2 Antibiotic PF 1052 is selective for neutrophil migration over macrophage migration in zebrafish larvae. It also inhibits the migration of murine neutrophils when used at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM.References Antibiotic PF 1052 is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Phoma.1,2 It is active against S. aureus, S. parvulus, and C. perfringens (MICs = 3.13, 0.78, and 0.39 μg/ml, respectively), among others.1 It inhibits neutrophil migration in a wound assay using zebrafish larvae expressing GFP-labeled neutrophils, reducing pseudopodia formation and inducing rounding of neutrophils.2 Antibiotic PF 1052 is selective for neutrophil migration over macrophage migration in zebrafish larvae. It also inhibits the migration of murine neutrophils when used at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM. References

Ascr#7, an ascaroside-based hormonal compound, plays a significant role in nematode physiology. It is specifically expressed throughout the various stages of nematode development. Notably, ascarosides exhibit the capability to initiate the formation of dauer larvae, which are characterized by their long lifespan and exceptional stress resistance.

Bisabolone oxide A 是一种从 Matricaria chamomilla L.分离得到的萜类化合物，可以降低神经元兴奋性。Bisabolone oxide A 抑制α 葡萄糖酶，在Helicoverpa armigera、Aedes vittatus和Anopheles subpictus幼虫实验中显示出有生物毒性。

Chasmanine是一种天然的二萜生物碱，对Fe2+的螯合活性为IC50=6.78 mg/L，对PC-3和A-549细胞具有细胞毒性

Retrofractamide B 是一种来源于胡椒属植物果实的天然酰胺类化合物，具有不饱和脂肪酰胺结构。Retrofractamide B 具有一定的杀蚊幼虫活性，可通过干扰昆虫神经系统发挥作用，常用于天然产物药理及活性筛选研究。

Aeschna defensing是源自蜻蜓水生幼虫血淋巴的抗菌肽，对革兰氏阳性菌具有显著活性。

Leocarpinolide F，一天然提取自Siegesbeckia orientalis的类倍半萜烯。

Gluconasturtiin 作为P. maculipennis幼虫的摄食诱导剂，但其高浓度会对幼虫产生毒害效应。

Ganodermacetal是从G. amboinense中分离的高度氧化羊毛甾烷三萜类化合物，对丰年虾幼虫表现出显著毒性。

Cyromazine (Standard) 是 Cyromazine 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Cyromazine (CGA-72662) 是三聚氰胺的环丙基衍生物，是昆虫生长调节剂，用作杀虫剂和杀螨剂，通过影响某些昆虫幼虫阶段的神经系统而起作用。

Milbemycin β3 是一种大环内酯类抗生素，具有杀灭农业害虫、蚜虫及幼虫的作用。

Milbemycin β1 是一种大环内酯抗生素，具有对农业害虫、蚜虫以及幼虫的杀虫效果。

Milbemycin α10 是一种大环内酯类抗生素，具有杀灭农业害虫、蚜虫及幼虫的作用。

Ailancoumarin E (Compound 5) 是一种Coumarin的衍生物。它对Plutella xylostella呈现拒食作用，并且抑制其三龄幼虫生长。Ailancoumarin E 还通过抑制酪氨酸酶发挥其作用，IC50为 14.21 μM。

Ermanin 是一种从 Tanacetum microphyllum 中分离出来的类黄酮。Ermanin抑制血小板聚集，具有抗结核和抗病毒/细菌特性。Ermanin 可抑制 iNOS 和 COX-2 的表达，从而具有抗炎活性。Ermanin 可能具有抗 HIV-1 活性。Ermanin 在较低浓度下可有效地抑制 Dione juno 幼虫。

Neocnidilide 是一种从川芎中提取的烷基邻苯二甲酸酯，具有抑制产生真菌毒素的真菌生长和杀虫。Neocnidilide 对 D. melanogaster 幼虫的LC50 值为 9.9 μmol/mL。它可以增强苯甲酸的皮肤渗透性。

Wilfordine is an insecticidally active alkaloid, Na+-K+-ATPase may be an acting target of wilfordine against some larvae of insect.