joints

Prudomestin (3,5,7-Trihydroxy-4',8-dimethoxyflavone) 是一种分离自 Prunus domestica 心材中，具有很强的黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)抑制活性(IC50≈6 µM)。

L-Proline (proline) 是人体非必需氨基酸。它是胶原蛋白的重要组成部分，对关节和肌腱的正常运作很重要。它还有助于维持和加强心脏肌肉。

Auranofin (SKF-39162) 是一种硫氧还蛋白还原酶 TrxR 抑制剂 (IC50=0.2 μM)。Auranofin 是一种抗风湿剂，用于治疗类风湿性关节炎，改善关节炎症状。Auranofin 也具有对 SARS-CoV21 的抗病毒活性。

Pristimerin (Celastrol methyl ester) 是一种可逆的单酰基甘油脂肪酶高效抑制剂，IC50值为93 nM。

Dacarbazine citrate is an alkylating agent used to treat cancers of the lymphatic system and malignant melanoma (a type of skin cancer) in patients with certain conditions: islet cell carcinoma (part of the pancreas) Soft tissue sarcoma (cancer of muscles

Purine (7H-Imidazo(4,5-d)pyrimidine) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

Phenylbutazone-d9 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of phenylbutazone by GC- or LC-MS. Phenylbutazone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an inhibitor of the peroxidase activity of COX (IC50 = ~100 µM in the presence of hydrogen peroxide). It also inhibits prostaglandin I synthase (IC50 = ~25 µM in the presence of hydrogen peroxide). Phenylbutazone (2 mg kg) reduces increases in type II collagen levels in the inflamed joints of an equine model of LPS-induced acute synovitis. Formulations containing phenylbutazone have been used in the treatment of lameness in horses.

Ledelabricin alfa为人蛋白多糖proteoglycan 4 (PRG4)亚型A的一种变体，主要功能为关节 边界润滑剂，常用于关节病变的研究。

Torilin 是一种睾酮5α还原酶抑制剂，它（IC50=31.7+ -4.23μM）对5α还原酶的抑制作用强于α-亚麻酸（IC50=160.3+ -24.62μM），但弱于非那雄胺（IC50=0.38+ -0.06μM）。Torilin 具有免疫调节、肝脏保护和抗炎特性，它通过限制 TAK1介导的 MAP 激酶和 NF-βB 活化来抑制炎症，它可以减轻关节炎的严重程度，改变 dLN 或关节中的白细胞活化，并恢复血清和脾细胞细胞因子失衡。托利林抑制α-黑素细胞刺激激素激活的 B16黑色素瘤细胞中的黑色素生成，IC（50）值为25μM。Torilin 对枯草芽孢杆菌 ATCC 6633孢子和营养细胞表现出优异的抗菌活性。Torilin 在体内和体外都具有强大的抗血管生成活性，它可能通过抑制肿瘤侵袭来抑制肿瘤发生，逆转癌细胞的多药耐药性，它可以增强阿霉素、长春碱、紫杉醇和秋水仙碱对多药耐药 KB-V1和 MCF7 ADR 细胞的细胞毒性。

Body Protection Compound 157 (BPC 157) is a pentadecapeptide derived from BPC, identified in gastric juice, exhibiting diverse biological activities. At 2 µg ml, BPC 157 enhances primary rat tendon fibroblast cell migration and F-actin formation. Furthermore, doses of 0.01 and 10 µg kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.), mitigate paw swelling, bone erosion, and mononuclear cell infiltration in the joints of rats with rheumatoid arthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). It also diminishes gastric ulcer size in rats caused by indomethacin, aspirin, or diclofenac at these doses. Additionally, BPC 157 reduces catalepsy duration and tremor severity in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease triggered by MPTP.