interleukin-2 (il-2)

Ppc-1 is a chemical compound known for its inhibitory effects on the Gram-negative periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. It acts as a mitochondrial uncoupler, enhancing mitochondrial oxygen consumption without affecting ATP production. Additionally, Ppc-1 serves as a cell-permeate inhibitor of interleukin-2 (IL-2). This compound exhibits various beneficial activities, including anti-obesity, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Linalool (Linalol) 是存在芫荽等植物中的单萜类天然产物，是竞争性NMDA 受体拮抗剂，具有抗肿瘤和抗心脏毒性的作用。它通过激活 Nrf2 诱导抗氧化防御和通过抑制 NF-κB 减少炎症反应来保护其免受 LPS GalN 诱导的肝损伤，具有镇痛、抗菌和抗炎的特性。

Triamcinolone (Aristocort) 是一种皮质类固醇激素受体激动剂，也是一种合成的长效糖皮质激素，具有抗炎活性。

Diflorasone 是一种皮质类固醇激素受体激动剂，具有抗炎和免疫抑制作用。它可通过细胞膜扩散进入细胞，并与细胞质中的糖皮质激素受体结合。它用于研究湿疹、牛皮癣等皮肤病。

Ro26-4550 is a competitive reversible inhibitor of interleukin-2 (IL-2) binding to IL-2R α-subunit (IC50 = 3 μM).

Ginsenoside Rh1 (Sanchinoside B2) 是人参的一种主要成分，具有抗炎作用，抑制PPAR-γ，TNF-α，IL-6和IL-1β的表达。

Clerodendrin (Apigenin-7-O-glucuronopyranosyl(1-2)-glucuronopyranoside) 是一种从 Clerodendron trichotomm 的叶子中分离出一种新的新齿状二萜类化合物，是萝卜锯蝇 Athalia rosae ruficornis 的摄食刺激剂。Clerodendrin 是一种白介素-4 (IL-4) 抑制剂和 β-己糖氨基苷酶 (Hex) 抑制剂。

NSC 247030 对白细胞介素 2 (IL-2) 的产生具有抑制作用。

Interleukin-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in T cells, NKT cells and mast cells which plays a crucial role in regulating the T cell receptor (TCR), CD28, CD2, chemokine receptor CXCR4, and FcepsilonR-mediated signaling pathways. ITK inhibitors can be used for the treatment of inflammation and immune-mediated disorders. ITK inhibitor (N-[5-[[3-[(4-Acetylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-4-methyl-6-methoxy-phenyl]thio]thiazol-2-yl]-4-(N-1,2-dimethylpropylaminomethyl)benzamide) is the analogue of BMS-509744, which can potently and selectively inhibit Itk kinase activity. In vitro: BMS-509744 could reduce TCR-induced functions including PLCγ1 tyrosine phosphorylation, calcium mobilization, IL-2 secretion, and T-cell proliferation in vitro in both human and mouse cells [1]. In vivo: BMS-509744 suppressed the production of IL-2 induced by anti-TCR antibody administered to mice. BMS-509744 also significantly diminishes lung inflammation in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergy/asthma [1]. Clinical trial: Up to now, both BMS-509744 and ITK inhibitor is still in the preclinical development stage.

Resolvin D5是一种从DHA中提取的氧化脂质介质，具有抗炎作用，在LPS刺激的THP-1细胞中通过ERK-NF-κB信号通路抑制IL-6和CCL5的产生。

JC-171 is a selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, with an IC50 of 8.45 μM for inhibiting LPS ATP-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release from J774A.1 macrophages[1]. JC-171 (0-100 μM) blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production in primary macrophages dose dependently[1]. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Line: J774A.1 murine macrophage cells JC-171 treatment delays the progression and reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mouse[1]. Animal Model: Mice immunized subcutaneously with 200 μg Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 peptide emulsified in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) on day 0 followed by injection of 200 ng of pertussis toxin. [1]. Chunqing Guo, et al. Development and Characterization of a Hydroxyl-Sulfonamide Analogue, 5-Chloro-N-[2-(4-hydroxysulfamoyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-methoxy-benzamide, as a Novel NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor for Potential Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2017 Oct 18;8(10):2194-2201.

BMSpep-57, a potent macrocyclic peptide inhibitor, competitively disrupts the PD-1 PD-L1 interaction, demonstrating a significant inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 7.68 nM. It exhibits binding affinity towards PD-L1 with dissociation constants (Kd) of 19 nM and 19.88 nM in MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) assays, respectively. This compound enhances T cell functionality by promoting Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production within Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs).

INCB16562 is a novel, selective, and orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 markedly selective over JAK3. Treatment of myeloma cells with INCB16562 potently inhibited interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced phosphorylation of STAT3. INCB16562 abrogated the protective effects of recombinant cytokines or bone marrow stromal cells and sensitized myeloma cells to cell death by exposure to dexamethasone, melphalan, or bortezomib. Oral administration of INCB16562 antagonized the growth of myeloma xenografts in mice and enhanced the antitumor activity of relevant agents in combination studies. INCB16562 is a potent JAK1 2 inhibitor and that mitigation of JAK STAT signaling by targeting JAK1 and JAK2 will be beneficial in the treatment of myeloma patients, particularly in combination with other agents. ( source: Neoplasia. 2010 Jan;12(1):28-38. ).

Monotropein (Monotropeine) 是从Morinda officinalis 中获得，能够抑制硫酸葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的结肠炎小鼠模型中炎性因子的表达。

Mulberroside A 是桑中的一种主要活性成分，可降低TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达，抑制 NALP3、caspase-1 和 NF-κB 的激活以及 ERK、JNK 和 p38 的磷酸化 。它抑制蘑菇酪氨酸酶，具有抗炎和抗细胞凋亡作用。

PCC0208018 is a novel activator of effector T cells, enhancing T cell proliferation and activation to release interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) without blocking the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) binding and not directly affecting tumor cell viability in vitro.

Denileukin diftitox (DAB 389IL-2) 是一种融合蛋白毒素，将白喉毒素 (DT) 与白细胞介素 2 (IL-2) 结合，专门针对表达高亲和力IL-2受体 (IL-2R)、CD25 的细胞。它通过与IL-2R阳性细胞结合并利用白喉毒素片段的内化作用来抑制蛋白质合成，从而达到耗尽目标细胞的效果。

Ac-YVAD-CHO(L-709049)醋酸盐是一种高效、可逆、特异的四肽白介素1β转化酶(ICE)抑制剂，小鼠和人类的Ki值分别为3.0 nM和0.76 nM。它同时也能抑制caspase-1，从而抑制成熟IL-lβ的产生。

ITKdegrader 1 是一种高度选择性的白细胞介素 2 诱导的 T 细胞激酶 (ITK) 降解剂 (DC50=3.6 nM)。ITKdegrader 1 快速、持久地诱导 ITK 降解，并抑制体内抗 CD3抗体刺激的 IL-2分泌 (EC50=35.2 nM，Jurkat 细胞)。ITKdegrader 1 也显示出良好的血浆暴露水平。

Myelopeptide-2 分离于猪骨髓细胞培养上清，能够恢复 HL-60 白血病细胞或麻疹病毒条件抑制下人 T 淋巴细胞的丝裂原反应活性、白细胞介素-2 (IL-2) 合成水平和白细胞介素-2受体 (IL-2R) 表达水平。Myelopeptide-2 参与免疫稳态调节，在抗肿瘤和抗病毒研究中具有广阔的应用前景。

Clazakizumab是一种具有高亲和力和特异性的单克隆抗体，针对IL-6(白细胞介素-6)细胞因子。它可能对抑制COVID-19中因SARS-CoV-2引起的细胞因子反应有帮助。此外，Clazakizumab也被用于研究银屑病关节炎(PsA)和肾抗体介导的排斥反应。

Sonelokimab (ALX 0761; M 1095) 是三价纳米抗体，特异性结合人白介素(IL)-17A、IL-17F及人血清白蛋白VHH，由单价骆驼来源纳米抗体构成，展现于斑块型银屑病研究中的应用潜力。

Inolimomab 是针对白细胞介素-2 受体 (IL-2R) α 链的单克隆抗体，已在急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD) 的前期研究中表现出提高生存率的潜力。

Nemvaleukin alfa (ALKS 4230) 是一种白细胞介素 2 融合蛋白，是中等亲和力 IL-2 受体的选择性激动剂，由循环排列的白细胞介素-2 （IL-2） 与 IL-2 受体 （IL-2R） 复合物的 IL-2Ralpha 亚基融合产生，可驱动抗肿瘤免疫并抑制小细胞肺癌的肿瘤生长。