il-11

Morin monohydrate (oxylon pomiferum monohydrate)是一种从桑树植物中提取的黄酮类化合物，具有抗癌、抗氧化和抗炎活性，可降低 T-2 毒素诱导的 TNF-α、COX-2、IL-1β、IL-6、caspase-1、caspase-3 和 caspase-11 mRNA 的表达，通过减少丙二醛 （MDA）、增加超氧化物歧化酶 （SOD）、过氧化氢酶 （CAT）、谷胱甘肽 （GSH） 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 （GSH-PX） 来改善 T-2 毒素诱导的损伤。

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone produced by post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland, as well as in keratinocytes, astrocytes, monocytes, and gastrointestinal cells.1It is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and MC4R that induces cAMP production in Hepa cells expressing the human receptors (EC50s = 0.16 and 56 nM, respectively).2α-MSH (100 pM) reducesS. aureuscolony formation andC. albicansgerm tube formationin vitro.3It inhibits endotoxin-, ceramide-, TNF-α-, or okadaic acid-induced activation of NF-κB in U937 cells.1α-MSH reduces IL-6- or TNF-α-induced ear edema in mice.4It also prevents the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and increases survival in a mouse model of septic shock. Increased plasma levels of α-MSH are positively correlated with delayed disease progression and reduced death in patients with HIV.1 1.Catania, A., Airaghi, L., Colombo, G., et al.α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in normal human physiology and disease statesTrends Endocrinol. Metab.11(8)304-308(2000) 2.Miwa, H., Gantz, I., Konda, Y., et al.Structural determinants of the melanocortin peptides required for activation of melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.273(1)367-372(1995) 3.Cutuli, M., Cristiani, S., Lipton, J.M., et al.Antimicrobial effects of a-MSH peptidesJ. Leukoc. Biol.67(2)233-239(2000) 4.Lipton, J.M., Ceriani, G., Macaluso, A., et al.Antiiinflammatory effect of the neuropeptide a-MSH in acute, chronic, and systemic inflammationAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci.25(741)137-148(1994)

CDK4 6-IN-23（Compound 42）是一种高效且选择性的CDK4 6抑制剂，对CDK6的IC50为11 nM。该化合物能够显著激活免疫细胞并促进IL-3的产生，并且在接受5-FU化疗的小鼠中表现出双重的骨髓保护和免疫调节作用。

JC2-11 是一种对炎症有抑制作用的化合物。JC2-11 对含有募集结构域的蛋白质 NLRC 4、黑色素瘤 2 中缺失 (AIM 2) 和非典型 (NC) 炎症小体有抑制作用，通过破坏活性氧的产生和 caspase-1 的活性来抑制炎症小体的活化。JC2-11 减少了炎症小体中 caspase-1 (p20) 的分泌、gasdermin D (GSDMD) 的裂解、IL-1β 和乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH) 的释放。

PDE1-IN-9 (Compound 7a) 为磷酸二酯酶 1 (PDE1) 的选择性抑制剂，其可抑制PDE1C，IC50为11 nM。PDE1-IN-9 能降低IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α 和 iNOS的mRNA表达，并抑制一氧化氮 (NO) 和活性氧 (ROS) 的产生。此外，该化合物在大鼠肝微粒体中显示出良好的代谢稳定性。

GCS-11 是一种高效的 NKT 细胞激动剂,特别选择性地促进 IFN-γ 的产生,同时也能增加 IL-4 的分泌.该化合物展现了显著的抗癌活性,并可能作为癌症免疫治疗或疫苗开发中的有前途佐剂.

Ganglioside GT1b is a trisialoganglioside that is characterized by having two sialic residues linked to the inner galactose unit. It binds to the neurotoxins botulinum toxin serotype A (BTxA), BTxA heavy chain, and tetanus toxin with IC50 values of 11, 0.74, and 7.2 μM, respectively.[1] Ganglioside GT1b-containing liposomes bind to the major coat protein VP1 from Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), which has been identified in Merkel cell carcinomas, identifying ganglioside GT1b as a putative MCPyV receptor. [2] Ganglioside GT1b decreases production of IL-6, IL-10, IgG, IgM, and IgA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by 31.4, 30.5, 60, 59.5, and 58%, respectively, when used at a concentration of 10 μM [3] . Ganglioside GT1b mixture contains ganglioside GT1b molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

Givinostat (ITF-2357) is a HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 198 and 157 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively. Givinostat (ITF2357) suppresses total LPS-induced IL-1β production robustly compared with the reduction by ITF3056. At 25, 50, and 100 nM, Givinostat reduced IL-1β secretion more than 70%. Givinostat (ITF-2357) suppresses the production of IL-6 in PBMCs stimulated with TLR agonists as well as the combination of IL-12 plus IL-18. IL-6 secretion decreases to 50% at 50 nM Givinostat, but at 100 and 200 nM, there is no reduction[1]. As shown by the CCK-8 assay, Givinostat (ITF-2357) inhibits JS-1 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with Givinostat ≥500 nM is associated with significant inhibition of JS-1 cell proliferation (P<0.01). Also, the cell inhibition rate significantly differs between the group cotreated with Givinostat ≥250 nM plus LPS and the group without LPS treatment (same Givinostat concentration) (P<0.05)[2]. Givinostat (ITF2357) at 10 mg kg is used as a positive control and, as expected, reduced serum TNFα by 60%. Strikingly, pretreatment of ITF3056 starting at 0.1 mg kg significantly reduces the circulating TNFα by nearly 90%. To achieve a significant increase in serum IL-1β production, a higher dose of LPS is injected (10 mg kg), and blood is collected after 4 h. Similarly, when pretreated with lower doses of Givinostat (ITF-2357) (1 or 5 mg kg), there is a 22% reduction for 1 mg kg and 40% for 5 mg kg[1]. [1]. Li S, et al. Specific inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 reduces gene expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jan 23;290(4):2368-78. [2]. Wang YG, et al. Givinostat inhibition of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and protein acetylation. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul 21;21(27):8326-39. [3]. Leoni F, et al. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and systemic inflammation in vivo. Mol Med. 2005 Jan-Dec;11(1-12):1-15.

Anti-inflammatory agent 11 (化合物 16) 是有效的抗结核分枝杆菌剂，可用于结核病(TB)的研究。Anti-inflammatory agent 11 抑制Mtb H37Rv 和M299的生长，MIC50分别为 1.3 和 6.9 μM。Anti-inflammatory agent 11 也是一种抗炎剂，通过抑制 iNOS 的表达抑制NO，同时抑制 TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的产生。

(R)-MLT-985 (compound 11) 是一种 MALT1 蛋白酶的有效抑制剂 (IC50: 3 nM)。(R)-MLT-985 在 Jurkat 细胞中对 MALT1 依赖性 IL-2 的 IC50 值为 20 nM。(R)-MLT-985 对 ABC-DLBCL 细胞中的生长和异常 CARD11 BCL10 MALT1 复合物信号传导具有抑制作用。

AKP-11 is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist with an EC50 of 0.047 μM for [35S]GTPγS binding to CHO-K1 cell membranes expressing human S1P1. It reduces S1P1 surface expression and enhances Akt and ERK phosphorylation in CHO cells with S1P1-HA at a 100 nM concentration. At doses of 1.3 and 3 mg kg, AKP-11 lowers IFN-γ and IL-17 protein levels in the spinal cord and mitigates disease severity in a rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Additionally, it decreases peripheral total lymphocyte and specific T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and CD26L+ T cells) counts in both EAE rats and healthy controls at a 1.3 mg kg dosage.

NLRP3-IN-20（compound 11）是一款口服活性的NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂，其抑制IL-1β分泌的IC50值为25 nM。该化合物展现出卓越的药代动力学性质，并在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、致命性感染性休克以及结肠炎模型中证明了其显著疗效。

IL-17-IN-3 (compound 11) 是一种IL-17A的抑制剂，其IC50值为35 nM。在一项针对大鼠的耐受性研究中，以高达300 mg kg 天的剂量连续四天给药后，没有观察到IL-17-IN-3引起任何不良反应。

PPARδ agonist 11（Compound 11）作为一种具有选择性的PPARδ激动剂，其EC50值为20 nM。此化合物能有效降低LPS刺激下RAW264.7细胞产生的一氧化氮(NO)、TNFα和IL-6等促炎细胞因子，展现其通过NF-κB通路的抗炎活性。在人肝微粒体和血浆中，PPARδ agonist 11展现出优异的稳定性。此外，该化合物能显著改善Carrageenan引起的足部水肿，其药代动力学表现良好，生物利用度高达100％。

JTE-607 HCl 是高选择性的炎性细胞因子合成抑制剂，可保护小鼠免受内毒素休克。它作用于 LPS 刺激的人 PBMC，抑制TNF-α(IC50:11 nM)、IL-1β(IC50:5.9 nM)、IL-6(IC50:8.8 nM)、IL-8(IC50:7.3 nM)和IL-10(IC50:9.1 nM)。