hepatic damage

GSK4112 (SR6452) 是一种 Rev-erbα 激动剂，EC50 为 0.4 μM。它也是一种用于核血红素受体 Rev-erbα 的细胞生物学的小分子化学探针。

Berberine (Umbellatine) 属于生物碱类天然产物，可以激活 AMPK、抑制 DNA 拓扑异构酶、诱导 ROS 生成。Berberine 具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、降血糖、降血脂等生物学活性。

Morroniside 通过抑制神经元凋亡和 MMP9 2 的表达从而发挥神经保护作用，可作为 db db 小鼠肝脏炎症反应和脂质代谢的调节剂。它通过抑制高血糖和氧化应激表现出对糖尿病肾损伤和人脐静脉内皮细胞的保护作用。

5-AIQ hydrochloride是一种水溶性的PARP-1抑制剂，并在多种药物中作为一个重要官能团。该化合物可以减轻与肝脏缺血再灌注相关的组织损伤，因此适用于研究肝脏缺血再灌注相关的实验条件。

Symphytine is a natural inducer of hepatic tumors. Symphytine interacts with DNA in liver endothelial cells and hepatocytes, resulting in DNA damage, mutation induction, and cancer development.

Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive (MICs = 5-160 µg ml) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 136-200 µg ml), as well as yeasts (MICs = 10-20 µg ml).1Ajoene is cytotoxic to mouse melanoma cells (IC50= 18 µM), as well as human colon, lung, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 7-41 µM).2It reduces tumor growth in a B16 BL6 mouse model of melanoma when administered at a dose of 25 mg kg every other day and decreases the number of lung metastases when administered prior to tumor cell inoculation at doses ranging from 1-25 mg kg. It inhibits ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in isolated baboon platelets when used at concentrations ranging from 75 to 150 µg ml and in platelet-rich plasma isolated from baboons when administered at a dose of 25 mg kg.3Ajoene (25 mg kg) prevents thrombus formation on damaged arterial walls in heparinized pigs in anin situmodel of thrombogenesis.5It also reduces high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, histopathological markers of liver damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and protein oxidation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 1.Naganawa, R., Iwata, N., Ishikawa, K., et al.Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlicAppl. Environ. Microbiol.62(11)4238-4242(1996) 2.Taylor, P., Noriega, R., Farah, C., et al.Ajoene inhibits both primary tumor growth and metastasis of B16 BL6 melanoma cells in C57BL 6 miceCancer Lett.239(2)298-304(2006) 3.Teranishi, K., Apitz-Castro, R., Robson, S.C., et al.Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoeneXenotransplantation10(4)374-379(2003) 4.Han, C.Y., Ki, S.H., Kim, Y.W., et al.Ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, inhibits high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through LKB1-dependent AMPK activationAntioxid. Redox Signal.14(2)187-202(2011) 5.Apitz-Castro, R., Badimon, J.J., and Badimon, L.A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental modelThromb. Res.75(3)243-249(1994)

6(5H)-Phenanthridinone is an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARP2. It decreases radiation-induced PARP activity and proliferation of RDM4 murine lymphoma cells. 6(5H)-Phenanthridinone reduces NF-κB-induced transcription of the genes encoding TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ in rat lymphocytes. In vivo, 6(5H)-phenanthridinone reduces spinal cord expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ and reduces disease score in a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). It also decreases serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase as well as hepatic lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and PARP levels.

H-Leu-Ser-Lys-Leu-OH 是一种与LATENCY-ASSOCIATED PEPTIDE (LAP) 氨基端相关的延迟肽，能够抑制TGF-β1的激活。当与KRFK结合时，H-Leu-Ser-Lys-Leu-OH 可以阻断TGF-β1的信号转导，进而防止肝损伤和纤维化的发展。

Fulvotomentoside B, 一种可从黄毛乳杆菌中分离的皂苷，对于CCl4、d-gal 和对乙酰氨基酚所致中毒小鼠具有显著的保护作用。在减低血清SGPT和GT水平以及减轻肝脏病理损伤方面表现出突出的效果。

Tat-Gap 19是一种针对连接蛋白43 (Cx43) 半通道的肽抑制剂，由HIV-1 Tat蛋白传导域与对应于Cx43第128-136残基的九氨基酸肽连接而成。Tat-Gap 19 (10 µM) 能够抑制初级大鼠肝细胞中由谷氨酸引发的ATP释放，这是Cx43半通道活性的标志。在通过中脑动脉堵塞(MCAO)诱导的小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型中，以25 mg/kg的剂量进行给药，可减少梗死体积。腹腔内注射Tat-Gap 19 (1 mg/kg 每天) 能够减少硫代乙酰胺引起的小鼠肝损伤模型中的纤维化病灶面积及表达α-平滑肌肌动蛋白 (α-SMA) 的肝星状细胞（成纤维细胞的前体）面积，并提高同种小鼠分离的肝细胞中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性。

8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI, an isoprostane, arises from non-enzymatic, free radical-induced peroxidation of membrane lipids. It is the predominant isoprostane formed during lipid peroxidation and serves as a biomarker for oxidative stress. Detectable in hepatic tissue post CCl4-induced oxidative damage, 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI levels are also elevated in the urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer’s disease patients.

Hepatoprotective agent-2 (compound 2a) 为4-苯基四氢喹啉衍生物, 显示出显著的保肝效果。此化合物具备抗细胞凋亡活性，并能有效防止化学诱导的肝脏损伤相关指标的升高。

Isoforretin A 作为一种高效的硫氧还蛋白-1 (Trx1) 抑制剂，具备显著的生物活性。它通过与Trx1活化位点的Cys32 Cys35残基共价结合，抑制Trx1功能并促进活性氧的积累，进而引发癌细胞的DNA损伤与凋亡（Apoptosis）。此外，Isoforretin A在小鼠肝细胞癌异种移植模型中，有效阻止了HepG2肿瘤细胞的增长。

cis-Mulberroside A shows high analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, it can protect mice against ethanol-induced hepatic damage.

Eburicoic acid (ZINC4655149) 具有抗炎和抗氧化活性，从而保护肝脏免受 CCl4 引起的肝损伤，可用于抗肝癌研究。

Daturaolone has potency in reducing the harmful effects or in maintaining the normal hepatic physiological mechanisms in both acute and chronic hepato-toxic induced liver damage in rats. Daturaolone also possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinocicep

Calycosin 7-O-xylosylglucoside 在人肝细胞 [HL-7702] 中通过清除氧化损伤展现抗氧化特性，同时表现出保肝活性。