h9c2

Gadolinium chloride 是特殊的钙敏感受体激动剂，可用于研究心血管疾病。

Bisoprolol hemifumarate 是一种 β1 肾上腺素受体阻断剂。

Regaloside C 是一种从百合属的中分离出来的甘油葡糖苷，具有抗炎作用。

Nilotinib (AMN107) 是一种 Bcr-Abl 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂，具有口服活性。Nilotinib 具有抗肿瘤活性，可以用于治疗 Imatinib 耐药的慢性粒细胞性白血病 (CML)。

EUK-134 是合成的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶模拟物，可保护大鼠肾脏免受缺血再灌注引起的损伤。它作用于 H9C2 细胞，降低NF-κB 表达、MDA 水平和蛋白质羰基化。它是具有过氧化氢酶活性的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 模拟物 (SODm)。它是保护有丝分裂的抗氧化剂。

CLT-28643是一种有效和特异性的α5β1-Integrin抑制剂，能够预防青光眼滤过手术（GFS）的纤维化，抑制肿瘤生长和血管生成，在博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化模型中抑制纤维化和炎症，改善肥胖小鼠H9C2细胞的胰岛素敏感性和心脏功能。

Nrf2 HO-1 activator 3 (Compound C3a) 是一种激活 Nrf2 信号通路的化合物，能促进 Nrf2 的核易位并上调血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）的表达。在 H2O2 或高糖刺激的 H9c2 心肌细胞中，Nrf2 HO-1 activator 3 能抑制 ROS 和 MDA 的过度表达，抑制细胞活力及细胞克隆形成，从而展现其抗氧化活性。

N-Desbutyl dronedarone is an active metabolite of the antiarrhythmic agent dronedarone .1,2,3It is formed from dronedarone by cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in human hepatocyte preparations.4N-Desbutyl dronedarone inhibits the binding of 3,3’,5-triiodo-L-thyronine to the thyroid hormone receptors TRα1and TRβ1(IC50s = 59 and 280 μM for the chicken and human receptors, respectively).1It inhibits CYP2J2-mediated formation of 14,15-EET from arachidonic acid and soluble epoxide hydrolase-mediated formation of 14,15-DHET from 14,15-EET (IC50s = 1.59 and 2.73 μM, respectively, in cell-free assays).2N-Desbutyl dronedarone decreases intracellular ATP levels in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes (IC50= 1.07 μM) and inhibits mitochondrial complex I, also known as NADH dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate dehydrogenase, activities in isolated rat heart mitochondria (IC50s = 11.94 and 24.54 μM, respectively).3 1.Van Beeren, H.C., Jong, W.M.C., Kaptein, E., et al.Dronerarone acts as a selective inhibitor of 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine binding to thyroid hormone receptor-α1: in vitro and in vivo evidenceEndocrinology144(2)552-558(2003) 2.Karkhanis, A., Tram, N.D.T., and Chan, E.C.Y.Effects of dronedarone, amiodarone and their active metabolites on sequential metabolism of arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acidsBiochem. Pharmacol.146188-198(2017) 3.Karkhanis, A., Leow, J.W.H., Hagen, T., et al.Dronedarone-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and its mitigation by epoxyeicosatrienoic acidsToxicol. Sci.163(1)79-91(2018) 4.Klieber, S., Arabeyre-Fabre, C., Moliner, P., et al.Identification of metabolic pathways and enzyme systems involved in the in vitro human hepatic metabolism of dronedarone, a potent new oral antiarrhythmic drugPharmacol. Res. Perspec.2(3)e00044(2014)

AZT triphosphate TFA (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate TFA) is a active triphosphate metabolite of Zidovudine (AZT). AZT triphosphate TFA exhibits antiretroviral activity and inhibits replication of HIV. AZT triphosphate TFA also inhibits the DNA polymerase of HBV. AZT triphosphate TFA activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway[1][2][3]. Treatment with 100 μM Zidovudine (AZT) for 48h disrupts the mitochondrial tubular network via accumulation of AZT triphosphate (AZT-TP) in H9c2 cells. AZT triphosphate accumulation causes downregulation of Opa1 and upregulation of Drp1. AZT triphosphate causes mitochondrial dysfunction, increases the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), and impairs the balance of the mitochondrial quality control system in H9c2 cell model established from rat embryonic myoblasts[1]. [1]. Ryosuke Nomura, et al. Azidothymidine-triphosphate Impairs Mitochondrial Dynamics by Disrupting the Quality Control System. Redox Biol. 2017 Oct;13:407-417. [2]. Takeya Sato, et al. Engineered Human tmpk/AZT as a Novel Enzyme/Prodrug Axis for Suicide Gene Therapy. Mol Ther. 2007 May;15(5):962-70. [3]. K Y Hostetler, et al. Enhanced Oral Absorption and Antiviral Activity of 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-acyclovir and Related Compounds in Hepatitis B Virus Infection, in Vitro. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Jun 15;53(12):1815-22.

CDK8-IN-6 (compound 9) 是一种细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶8 (CDK8) 的有效抑制剂 (Kd: 13 nM)。CDK8-IN-6 对 MOLM-13、OCI-AML3、MV4-11、NRK 和 H9c2 细胞表现出细胞毒性，他们 IC50s 分别为 11.2、7.5、8.6、20.5、12.5-25 μM。CDK8-IN-6 对 AML 癌症表现出潜在的研究价值。

CDK8-IN-7 (compound 12) 是一种有效的、选择性的细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 8 (CDK8) 抑制剂 (Kd: 3.5 nM)。CDK8-IN-7 对 MOLM-13 细胞 (IC50: 5.9 μM)、OCI-AML3 细胞 (IC50: 4.8 μM)、MV4-11 细胞 (IC50: 5.4 μM)、NRK 细胞 (IC50: 16.2 μM) 和 H9c2 细胞 (IC50: 12.5-25 μM) 具有细胞毒性。CDK8-IN-7 对 AML-癌症表现出研究潜力。

Nardosinone 是一个 dbcAMP 和 staurosporine 的神经生成作用增强剂，分离自Nardostachys chinensis 中。Nardosinone 可能成为一种有用的药理学工具，不仅可用于研究神经生长因子 (NGF) 的作用机理，而且可用于研究神经毒性物质的作用机理。

Pedaliin 6''-acetate (compound 10) 为甘青青兰中分离得到的天然产物，具有抗氧化活性，并能对抗DOX诱导的H9c2心肌细胞毒性，表现出细胞保护效应，其EC50为19.1 μM。

Ladanetin-6-O-β-(6′′-O-acetyl)glucoside 是一种从甘青青兰 (Dracocephalum tanguticum) 全株中提取的黄酮化合物，具备抗氧化特性。该化合物能够保护H9c2心肌细胞免受Doxorubicin(DOX)引起的细胞毒性。

INF 195 是一种炎性小体 NLRP3 抑制剂，抑制 NLRP3 驱动的巨噬细胞焦亡 和 IL-1β 释放。INF 195 可减轻异丙肾上腺素诱导的 H9c2 大鼠成肌细胞肥大，可用于研究心肌缺血和心肌梗死。

Moracin O shows significant neuroprotective, and analgesic activities, it also has a strong protective influence against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in H9c2 cells with the EC50 value of 4.5 ± 1.3 μM. Moracin O exhibits potent in vitro inhibitory ac

Cinnamyl caffeate has cardiovascular protective effects, it can increase H9c2 cellular antioxidant potential, decrease intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) level, and prevent cell apoptosis; it possesses potent antiproliferative activity with the EC(50) value of 0.114 microM, toward colon 26-L5 carcinoma. Cinnamyl caffeate possesses potent NO inhibitory activity with the IC(50) value of 9.53 microM.

Randialic acid B shows significant cell-protective effects against H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury.