gssg

Glutathione oxidized (L(-)-Glutathione) 是氧化型谷胱甘肽，谷胱甘肽是细胞内一种主要的抗氧化剂和解毒剂。

4-P-PDOT (4-phenyl-2- propionamidotetralin) 是一种选择性和亲和性的褪黑激素受体拮抗剂，可显著抵消褪黑激素介导的抗氧化作用。它对MT2的选择性是 MT1 的 300 倍以上。

NBDHEX 是一种谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 P1-1 抑制剂，也是晚期自噬抑制剂。它诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡，通过抑制 GST 的催化活性，避免抑制剂被特异性泵从细胞中排出，以及破坏 GSTP1-1和关键信号传导因子之间的相互作用，从而起到抗癌的作用。

Glutathione can occur in reduced (GSH), oxidized (GSSG), or in mixed disulfide forms and is ubiquitous in multiple biological systems serving as the major thiol-disulfide redox buffer of the cell. GSSG is the oxidized form of GSH . It can be reduced back to GSH through the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase. GSSG functions as a hydrogen acceptor in the enzymatic determination of NADP+ and NADPH and can be a proximal donor in S-glutathionylation post translational modifications. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione within cells is often used as an indicator of oxidative stress, with higher concentrations of GSSG predicting increased oxidative stress.

QD-394 is an inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.1It induces lipid peroxidation, increases in intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreases in the reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 10 μM. QD-394 is cytotoxic to MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, and BxPC-3 cancer cells (IC50s = 0.64, 0.34, and 0.9 μM, respectively). QD-394 acts synergistically with napabucasin to reduce colony formation in MIA PaCa-2 cells. 1.Hu, S., Sechi, M., Singh, P.K., et al.A novel redox modulator induces a GPX4-mediated cell death that is dependent on iron and reactive oxygen speciesJ. Med. Chem.63(17)9838-9855(2020)

CPT-Se3为含硒的喜树碱前体活性分子，其杀癌和抗肿瘤效力显著。它通过降低GSH GSSG比率及总硫醇水平，增加Hep G2细胞中ROS含量，触发癌细胞凋亡。CPT-Se3对HeLa、Hep G2、A549及SMMC-7721细胞线具备显着细胞毒性，IC50值介于2.19-4.7 μM。

CPT-Se4为含硒前体活性分子的喜树碱(CPT)衍生物，对癌细胞具有较高杀伤力和抑制肿瘤生长效果。在降低GSH GSSG比率和总硫醇的同时，CPT-Se4能够增加Hep G2细胞中的ROS水平，触发癌细胞凋亡。此化合物对HeLa、Hep G2、A549和SMMC-7721细胞系显示出显著的细胞毒性，IC50值范围为2.54-6.4 μM。

Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px; EC 1.11.1.9)，是一种关键的抗氧化酶，能催化GSH与过氧化氢或脂质过氧化物反应，生成GSSG和H2O，从而减缓氧化应激。此酶在生化研究中具有重要应用。