gm1

Genz-123346 blocks the conversion of ceramide to glucosylceramide (GL1) and inhibits GM1 with an IC50 value of 14 nM. Genz-123346 is a potent, orally available glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor.

Ganglioside GM1is a monosialylated ganglioside and the prototypic ganglioside for those containing one sialic acid residue.1,2It is found in a large variety of cells, including immune cells and neurons, and is enriched in lipid rafts in the cell membrane.3It associates with growth factor receptors, including TrkA, TrkB, and the GDNF receptor complex containing Ret and GFRα, and is required for TrkA expression on the cell surface. Ganglioside GM1interacts with other proteins to increase calcium influx, affecting various calcium-dependent processes, including inducing neuronal outgrowth during differentiation. Ganglioside GM1acts as a receptor for cholera toxin, which binds to its oligosaccharide group, facilitating toxin cell entry into epithelial cells of the jejunum.4,5Similarly, it is bound by the heat-labile enterotoxin fromE. coliin the pathogenesis of traveler's diarrhea.6Ganglioside GM1gangliosidosis, characterized by a deficiency in GM1-β-galactosidase, the enzyme that degrades ganglioside GM1, leads to accumulation of the gangliosides GM1and GA1in neurons and can be fatal in infants.1Levels of ganglioside GM1are decreased in the substantia nigra pars compacta in postmortem brain from patients with Parkinson's disease.3Ganglioside GM1mixture contains a mixture of ovine ganglioside GM1molecular species with primarily C18:0 fatty acyl chain lengths, among various others. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1544] 1.Kolter, T.Ganglioside biochemistryISRN Biochem.506160(2012) 2.Mocchetti, I.Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and repair, and the neurotrophinsCell Mol. Life Sci.62(19-20)2283-2294(2005) 3.Ledeen, R.W., and Wu, G.The multi-tasked life of GM1 ganglioside, a true factotum of natureTrends Biochem. Sci.40(7)407-418(2015) 4.Turnbull, W.B., Precious, B.L., and Homans, S.W.Dissecting the cholera toxin-ganglioside GM1 interaction by isothermal titration calorimetryJ. Am. Chem. Soc.126(4)1047-1054(2004) 5.Blank, N., Schiller, M., Krienke, S., et al.Cholera toxin binds to lipid rafts but has a limited specificity for ganglioside GM1Immunol. Cell Biol.85(5)378-382(2007) 6.Minke, W.E., Roach, C., Hol, W.G., et al.Structure-based exploration of the ganglioside GM1 binding sites of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin for the discovery of receptor antagonistsBiochemistry38(18)5684-5692(1999)

Ganglioside GM1 asialo is a component of cellular lipid rafts and can be formed by the cleavage of the sialic acid residue from ganglioside GM1 by neuraminidase. Ganglioside GM1 asialo is a glycolipid receptor for P. aeruginosa flagellin and stimulates defensive responses in host cells, including extracellular ATP release, calcium mobilization, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation when stimulated by flagellin and an anti-ganglioside GM1 asialo antibody. The percentage of ganglioside GM1 asialo-positive natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells in lung is increased in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection compared with healthy animals. Depletion of ganglioside GM1 asialo-positive NK and T cells reduces IFN-γ levels in the lung, reduces weight loss, and increases lung viral load in RSV-infected mice. Ganglioside GM1 asialo mixture contains ganglioside GM1 asialo molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

Ganglioside GM1 是中枢神经系统 （CNS） 细胞表面的主要鞘糖脂 （GSL） 之一，对中枢神经系统具有保护作用，用于研究神经系统疾病。Ganglioside GM1 通过其寡糖在野生型和肌萎缩侧索硬化症运动神经元中发挥对谷氨酸兴奋性毒性的保护作用。

Ganglioside GM1-bindingpeptidesp3 为一种人工合成多肽，具备与GM1神经节苷脂的五糖部分进行特异性结合的能力。该多肽的动态转变对于理解GM1在多种受体功能中的作用至关重要，特别是在霍乱毒素感染的常见途径上。此外，Ganglioside GM1-bindingpeptidesp3 还常被应用于研究GM1与其配体之间的相互作用。

GM1a Ganglioside oligosaccharide为ganglioside GM1的半合成形式，后者作为霍乱毒素的天然受体，在生长调节及激素诱导反应的耦合中具有关键功能。

Bortezomib (LDP 341) 是一种 20S 蛋白酶体抑制剂 (Ki=0.6 nM)，具有可逆性和选择性。Bortezomib 具有抗肿瘤活性，可以抑制 NF-κB，可破坏细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡。

AGM 1883 is a biochemical.

GM 1489 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with Ki values of 0.002, 0.1, 0.5, 0.2, and 20 μM for MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-3, respectively. It reduces 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-induced increases in MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-14 expression as well as cell invasion in AsPC-1, BxPC-3, Hs766T, MiaPaCa2, and PANC-1 cancer cells. Topical administration of GM 1489 (100 μg) inhibits increases in ear thickness and epidermal hyperplasia induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and phorbol dibutyrate (PdiBu) in mice.

Murlentamab (GM102) 是一种人源化抗 AMHRII 抗体。Murlentama 具有潜在的抗肿瘤活性，可诱导巨噬细胞介导的抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒性作用 (ADCC)。Murl可通过募，集、活化T细胞激发促炎和抗肿瘤内环境。Murlentama 通过促进幼稚的巨噬细胞定向，促进肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 (TAM) 重编程来发挥抗肿瘤活性。

NGM-120 是一种CHO表达的人源抗体，专门靶向GFRAL蛋白。它包含huIgG1型重链和huκ型轻链，预测的分子量 (MW) 为145.7 kDa。有关同型对照的信息可参见HumanIgG1kappa, Isotype Control。

Liga 20 is a semisynthetic GM1 ganglioside with N-dichloroacetylsphingosine that protecting neurons in culture against glutamate toxicity.

Genz-123346 free base 是一种能够阻断神经酰胺向GL1转化的GL1合酶的抑制剂，其抑制GM1的IC50值为14 nM。

beta-1,3-Galactosyltransferase (CgtB) (GM1-synthase) 为生化研究中常用的酶，负责催化半乳糖分子的加成，以生产含有 GM1-like LOSSIAL 结构的唾液化低脂糖(LOSSIAL)。

Atigotatug (BMS-986012) 是一种靶向岩藻糖神经节苷脂 GM1 的人源化抗体，可用于研究肺癌。

Gangliotetraose（Gg4）是一种含有GM1及其唾液酸化衍生物的四糖。它能促进分化神经元核内Ca2+的外流，进而降低核内Ca2+浓度。Gg4参与调节神经元的可塑性、修复过程以及大脑中神经营养素的释放。

Atigotatug(BMS-986012)，一种IgG1κ型人源化抗体，专门针对岩藻糖神经节苷脂GM1。其对应的同型对照为HumanIgG1kappa, Isotype Control。

霍乱毒素B （来源于霍乱弧菌） 对细胞无毒，且不具备内在腺苷酸环化酶活性。它通过与神经节苷脂 GM1.8 结合附着于细胞。研究表明，Cholera toxin B subunit 是小胶质细胞的可靠标记物（因为其细胞表面神经节苷脂 GM1 丰富），但不适用于标记少突胶质细胞或星形胶质细胞。Cholera toxin B subunit 也被报告为一种利用免疫组织化学研究轴突运输的极佳示踪剂，并已被广泛用作膜脂筏的标记物。