Pro-Adrenomedullin(153-185),human, (C143H224N42O43), a peptide with the sequence H2N-SLPEAGPGRTLVSSKPQAHGAPAPPSGSAPHFL-OH, MW= 3219.6. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a ubiquitously expressed peptide initially isolated from phaechromyctoma in 19931. AM was initially identified as a vasodilator, some have cited this as the most potent endogenous vasodilatory peptide found in the body2. Differences in opinion regarding the ability of AM to relax vascular tone arises from the differences in the model system used3. Other effects of AM include increasing the tolerance of cells to oxidative stress and hypoxic injury and angiogenesis. AM is seen as a positive influence in diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other cardiovascular diseases, whereas it can be seen as a negative factor in potentiating the potential of cancerous cells to extend their blood supply and cause cell proliferation.
GHK-Cu acetate, a complex of the tripeptide Gly-His-Lys and a copper(II) ion, exhibits wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It enhances fibroblast proliferation, collagen production, and the release of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), while also increasing decorin expression in rat wound tissue. Furthermore, at a concentration of 10 µM, it reduces levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, GHK-Cu at 10 µg g mitigates LPS-induced reductions in lung superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels, decreases the accumulation of cells and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and thus, attenuates acute lung injury in mice.
Ribosomal protein L3 peptide (202-222) is a peptide with the sequenceH2N-Met-Ser-His-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Glu-Ala-Pro-Arg-His-Gly-His-Leu-Gly-Phe-Leu-Pro-Arg-Lys-Arg-amide, MW=2573.