forskolin

Forskolin (Coleonol) 属于天然产物，是一种腺苷酸环化酶激活剂 (EC50=0.5 μM)。Forskolin 可以增加 cAMP 水平，可以激活 PXR 和 FXR，也可以诱导细胞自噬。Forskolin 对心脏产生正性肌力作用，具有血小板抗凝集和降压作用。

Forskolin is known to elevate intracellular cAMP levels.

Forskolin J 是一种天然产物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究。其产品编号为 TN4074，CAS号为 81873-08-7。

L 858051 activates adenylate cyclase. It also inhibits glucose transport in rat adipocytes.

The compound is an inactive analog of forskolin(an adenylyl cyclase activator).

Deacetylforskolin is a diterpene and a derivative of forskolin that has been found inC. forskohliiand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It activates rat adipocyte adenylyl cyclase (IC50= 20 μM) and inhibits glucose transport in rat adipocyte plasma membranes.2Deactylforskolin (30-1,000 μg kg) reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.3It also attenuates hypercapnia-induced impairments in the passive avoidance response in mice.4 1.Gabetta, B., Zini, G., and Danieli, B.Minor Diterpenoids of Coleus forskohliiPhytochemistry28(3)859-862(1989) 2.Joost, H.G., Habberfield, A.D., Simpson, I.A., et al.Activation of adenylate cyclase and inhibition of glucose transport in rat adipocytes by forskolin analogues: structural determinants for distinct sites of actionMol. Pharmacol.33(4)449-453(1988) 3.Bhat, S.V., Dohadwalla, A.N., Bajwa, B.S., et al.The antihypertensive and positive inotropic diterpene forskolin: Effects of structural modifications on its activityJ. Med. Chem.26(4)486-492(1983) 4.McCulloch, A.J., Thomson, T.A., and Deacon, R.Hypoxic amnesia and its reversal with forskolinBiochem. Soc. Trans.17(1)212-213(1988)

Isoforskolin 源自毛喉鞘蕊花，可减少人单核白细胞中 TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 和 IL-8 的分泌。Isoforskolin 可用于治疗莱姆关节炎的研究。

1-Deoxyforskolin 是一种天然产物，可用作天然产物对照品，用于生命科学相关领域的研究，其产品编号为 TN8754。

9-Deoxyforskolin 是一种天然产物，可用作天然产物对照品，用于生命科学相关领域的研究，其产品编号为 TN8762。

(R)-BPO-27 是一种具有口服活性和高效性的 ATP 竞争性 CFTR 抑制剂(IC50：4 nM)，可用于研究腹泻和多囊肾。

Tranylcypromine (2-PCPA) hydrochloride (SKF-385 HCl) 是一种单胺氧化酶抑制剂，对治疗重度抑郁症、心境恶劣障碍和非典型抑郁症有效。

Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

NKH477 （Colforsin dapropate hydrochloride) 是一种毛喉素衍生物，具有抗抑郁活性，通过对离子霉素敏感的储存位点的作用抑制 ACh 诱导的 Ca2 + 动员。NKH477 是一种腺苷酸环化酶激活剂，具有支气管松弛作用，可抑制 CTL 的产生、MLR 中 T 细胞增殖以及 MLR 中 IL-2 的产生和有丝分裂原反应。

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human 是一种利钠肽受体 B (NPR-B) 激动剂，是一种 CNP 的 1-22 片段。它对生理激动剂组胺和 5-HT 刺激或直接由 Forskolin 刺激的 cAMP 合成具有抑制作用。其中CNP 是一种有效的、内皮衍生的松弛剂和生长抑制因子。

PG01是一种有效的CFTR Cl-通道增效剂,PG01对 ΔF508（Ka 为 0.3 μM）有效。PG01 对 E193K，G970R 和 G551D (CFTR 突变体)也 有效，Kd 值分别为 0.22 μM，0.45 μM 和 1.94 μM 。PG01在加入Forskolin 后可增加ΔF508-CFTR Cl-电流，纠正CFTR 突变体的门控缺陷。

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human acetate 是一种利钠肽受体 B (NPR-B) 的激动剂，一种内皮衍生的松弛剂和生长抑制因子。 C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human acetate 抑制由组胺和 5-HT 或直接由毛喉素刺激的 cAMP 合成。

RFRP3(human) acetate(311309-27-0 free base) 是一种人类 GnIH 肽同源物，是一种有效的促性腺激素分泌抑制剂，可抑制 Ca2+ 动员。它是一种 NPFF1 受体激动剂，它抑制毛喉素诱导的 cAMP 产生，IC50 为 0.7 nM。

L-759,656 is highly selective CB2 receptor agonist (CB1 Ki = 4888 nM, CB2 Ki = 11.8 nM). L-759,656 potently inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP production in CHO cells (EC50 = 3.1 nM).

Manoyl oxide is a proposed intermediate in the biosynthesis of forskolin and other medically important labdane-type terpenoids.

Peptide YY (PYY) is a 36-amino acid peptide and anorectic gut hormone agonist for the neuropeptide Y receptors Y1, Y2, Y5, and Y6 with EC50 values of 0.7, 0.58, 1, and 0.8 nM, respectively, for supression of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation. PYY is cleaved in vivo to PYY (3-36) . Release of PYY occurs postprandially in proportion to calorie intake from intestinal enteroendocrine L cells, indicating it may be a satiety signal. In humans, PYY inhibits food intake and gastrointestinal transit in both lean and obese subjects.

Bilaid C is a tetrapeptide μ-opioid receptor agonist (Ki= 210 nM in HEK293 cell membranes expressing the human receptor) that has been found inPenicillium.1It inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation by 77% in HEK293 cells expressing the human μ-opioid receptor when used at a concentration of 10 μM. Bilaid C induces inward rectifying potassium channel (Kir) currents in rat locus coeruleus slices that endogenously express high levels of the μ-opioid receptor (EC50= 4.2 μM). 1.Dekan, Z., Sianati, S., Yousuf, A., et al.A tetrapeptide class of biased analgesics from an Australian fungus targets the μ-opioid receptorProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA116(44)22353-22358(2019)

L-858,051 is a water-soluble analog of forskolin , a cell-permeant activator of adenylate cyclase. L-858,051 activates adenylate cyclase (EC50 = 3 μM), inhibits glucose transport, and blocks cytochalasin B binding in rat adipocyte membranes. L-858,051 is used to activate adenylate cyclase and initiate signaling through elevated cAMP synthesis in a variety of cell types in culture.

Difelikefalin is a κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist.1It activates KOR in HEK293 cells expressing the human receptor (EC50= 0.16 nM in a transactivation assay) and inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP production in R1.G1 mouse thyoma cells (EC50= 0.048 nM). Difelikefalin is selective for KOR over the μ-opioid receptor (MOR; EC50= >1 μM in a transactivation assay). It reduces acetic acid-induced writhing, as well as scratching behavior induced by the KOR antagonist GNTI, in mice (ED50s = 0.07 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively). 1.Schteingart, C.D., Menzaghi, F., Jiang, G., et al.Synthetic peptide amides(2008)

A-971432 is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) agonist that is selective for S1P5 over S1P1 and S1P3 (IC50s = 0.006, 0.362, and >10 µM, respectively). It inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP production in CHO cells expressing S1P5 (EC50 = 4.1 nM). A-971432 (1 µM) increases electrical resistance of hCMEC D3 cells in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model, indicating enhanced barrier integrity, and attenuates blood-brain barrier leakage in an R6 2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease when administered at a dose of 0.1 mg kg.[1] [2] A-971432 (0.1 mg kg per day, i.p.) decreases the number of errors made in a horizontal ladder task and increases latency to fall in the rotarod test in R6 2 mice. It also increases spontaneous alternation in the t-maze in aged mice when administered at a dose of 0.1 mg kg.[1] References [1].Hobson, A.D., Harris, C.M., van der Kam, E.L., et al. Discovery of A-971432, an orally bioavailable selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) agonist for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. J. Med. Chem. 58(23), 9154-9170 (2015).[2]. Di Pardo, A., Castaldo, S., Amico, E., et al. Stimulation of S1PR5 with A-971432, a selective agonist, preserves blood-brain barrier integrity and exerts therapeutic effect in an animal model of Huntington’s disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 27(14), 2490-2501 (2018).