electron transport chain

Hexazinone 是一种三嗪家族的非选择性除草剂。它能够同光系统 II 电子传递链的 D-1 醌蛋白结合，抑制光合作用的发生。

Hexazinone 是三嗪家族的广谱除草剂。 Hexazinone 通过与光系统 II 中电子传递链的 D-1 醌蛋白结合来抑制光合作用。

Ammonium formate (Formic acid ammonium salt) 是最简单的羧酸。它通过抑制细胞色素氧化酶活性（电子传递链的末端电子受体）来负责代谢性酸中毒和破坏线粒体电子传递和能量产生。

Idebenone (CV-2619) 是一种线粒体保护剂，具有神经保护功效，可用于研究阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿舞蹈病，可透过血脑屏障，诱导细胞凋亡。

Metamitron 是一种光合电子传递链抑制剂，可用作化学稀释剂。

Malonic acid (propanedioic acid) 是竞争性抑制剂的典型例子：它作用于呼吸电子传递链中的琥珀酸脱氢酶(复合物 II)。发现丙二酸与丙二酰辅酶A 脱羧酶缺乏有关，这是一种先天性代谢错误。

DX3-234 是一种高效的氧化磷酸化 (OXPHOS) 抑制剂，通过抑制线粒体电子传递链（ETC）中的复合体I发挥作用，导致细胞内ATP耗竭和细胞死亡，可用于治疗依赖于有氧代谢的特定癌症，如胰腺癌。

Oligomycin 是一种抗真菌抗生素，是 H+-ATP 合成酶的抑制剂。Oligomycin 能够阻断氧化磷酸化和电子传递链。Oligomycin 对缺氧性肿瘤细胞 HIF-1alpha 表达具有抑制作用。

IACS-010759 是一种口服有效的线粒体氧化磷酸化复合物 I 抑制剂。它在依赖 OXPHOS 的脑癌和急性髓性白血病模型中抑制增殖并诱导细胞凋亡，有研究复发 难治性 AML 和实体瘤潜力。

Kalkitoxin，一种源自蓝藻Lyngbya majuscula的毒素，以其通过NMDA受体介导引起神经元坏死，阻断电压依赖性钠通道，以及通过抑制电子传递链（ETC）复合物1导致细胞缺氧而闻名。

Antimycin A4 is an active component of the antimycin A antibiotic complex that is more polar than antimycin A1 , antimycin A2 , and antimycin A3 . Antimycin A4 inhibits ATP-citrate lyase with a Ki value of 64.8 μM. The antimycin A complex is a mixture of antimycins A1, A2, A3, and A4 that demonstrates antifungal, insecticidal, nematocidal, and piscicidal properties. It blocks mitochondrial respiration and can deplete cellular levels of ATP via inhibition of complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Antimycin A prevents the transfer of electrons between the b-cytochromes and ubiquinone at the Q(inner) site of complex III. This results in the stabilization of the ubisemiquinone radical at the Q(outer) site of complex III, leading to increased production of superoxide. Antimycin A is widely used in research to shunt electron flow through the ETC to study the chemical details of oxygen respiration. Additionally, antimycin A has been shown to inhibit Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, inducing apoptosis.

SHO1122147 (Compound 7m) 通过影响线粒体电子传递链展现出线粒体解偶联活性（EC50=3.6 μM），提升细胞耗氧率（OCR=69%）并促进细胞呼吸。SHO1122147 具备口服活性，适用于肥胖和代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎 (MASH) 的研究。

Coenzyme Q10 is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, generating energy in the form of ATP. In its reduced form, it acts as an antioxidant. Coenzyme Q2 is a precursor of coenzyme Q10 that has 2, rather than 10, isoprenoid units on the ubiquinone base. It can act as an electron acceptor for bacterial Complex I. In mammalian cells, exogenous coenzyme Q2 prevents the production of reactive oxygen species associated with Complex I activity. Forms of coenzyme Q with shorter isoprenoid chains, including coenzyme Q2, induce p53-dependent apoptosis in human B-cell acute lymphoblastoid leukemia BALL-1 cells.

2-Aminoimidazole（2-氨基咪唑）是一种有效的抗菌剂，通过破坏质子动力和阻断电子传递链，有效地靶向耐药性结核分枝杆菌，通过减少β-内酰胺酶的分泌和增加细胞膜的通透性来增强β-内酰胺类抗生素对抗结核分枝杆菌的作用，激活耐药细菌和改善治疗效果。

Plastoquinone is a polyunsaturated side-chain quinone derivative which is an important link in the electron transport chain of green plants during the photosynthetic conversion of light energy by photophosphorylation into the potential energy of chemical

Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone 9) 是啮齿类动物泛醌的主要形式，是电子传递链中的一种双亲分子组分，具有内源性抗氧化剂的作用。它可减轻糖尿病引起的抗氧化防御机制的下降，改善左心室功能，减少心肌梗死面积和心肌细胞凋亡。

HQNO 是一种电子传递链抑制剂，对 complex III 的Kd 值为 64 nM，由P. aeruginosa 产生的。它是许多物种的线粒体NDH-2的有效抑制剂。

Menaquinone-9-d7 是 Menaquinone-9 的氘代化合物。Menaquinone-9 的 CAS 号为 523-39-7。Menaquinone 9 (MK-9) 是一种维生素 K2 类似物，已在包括大肠杆菌在内的各种细菌中发现。Menaquinone 9 对紫外线敏感，可与细菌电子传输链的一种成分可溶性硝酸还原酶结合。

8-OAc 是一种高效且专一的线粒体电子传递链（ETC）复合物 I 抑制剂，对癌细胞系具有细胞毒性。

MitoTam bromide hydrobromide is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor.

GSK 932121 is a potent antimalarial agent. GSK 932121 inhibits selectively the electron-transport chain in P. falciparum at the cytochrome bc1 level (complex III).

MS-L6(Agn-PC-0N3ahi, NSC34338) 作为一种有效的OXPHOS抑制剂，主要针对电子传递链复合物I (ETC-I)。该化合物通过抑制NADH的氧化及其解偶联效应，干预呼吸链功能。此外，MS-L6展现出显著的抗肿瘤活性。

Lasiodiplodin may have potential anti-inflammatory activity, it shows moderate suppression effects on induced NO production. Lasiodiplodin inhibits electron transport chain.

Menaquinone 9 (MK-9) is a vitamin K2 analog that has been found in various bacteria, including E. coli. MK-9 is UV-sensitive and binds to soluble nitrate reductase, a component of the bacterial electron transport chain. In vivo, MK-9 increases plasma prothrombin concentration in vitamin K-deficient rats.