deoxynivalenol

Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin) 是一种单端孢菌素家族镰刀菌属产生的霉菌毒素，常见于受到污染的食物和饲料中。Deoxynivalenol 通过紧密连接处的细胞旁路来穿过肠粘膜。Deoxynivalenol 转运不受P-糖蛋白 (PgP) 或多药耐药相关蛋白 (MRP) 抑制剂的影响。Deoxynivalenol 通常会导致人类和动物腹泻、呕吐和胃肠道炎症。

15-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol is a highly toxic trichothecene found in cereals and exhibits toxicity to HepG2 cells.

Deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucoside (DON-3-β-D-glucoside) 为脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的一种代谢产物，在实验条件下展示出相较于Deoxynivalenol的较低毒性。

Deepoxy-deoxynivalenol is Metabolite of deoxynivalenol. Deepoxydeoxynivalenol is a macrocyclic polyol compound for proteomics research. Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.

3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol acetylated derivative and a blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeable mycotoxin.

4-deoxy Nivalenol-13C15is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 4-deoxy nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. 4-deoxy Nivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has been found inFusarium.1It binds to eukaryotic ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis in mice when administered at doses ranging from 5 to 25 mg kg. 4-deoxy Nivalenol (0.1 and 0.2 mg kg) induces emesis in pigs and decreases feed consumption in pigs when administered at a dose of 40 ppb in the diet.2It induces lethality in mice (LD50= 46-78 mg kg).34-deoxy Nivalenol has been found inF. graminearum-infected cereal grains such as wheat, barley, and corn. 1.Pestka, J.J., and Smolinski, A.T.Deoxynivalenol: Toxicology and potential effects on humansJ.Toxicol.Environ.Health B.Crit.Rev.8(1)39-69(2005) 2.Forsyth, D.M., Yoshizawa, T., Morooka, N., et al.Emetic and refusal activity of deoxynivalenol to swineAppl. Environ. Microbiol.34(5)547-552(1977) 3.Pestka, J.J.Deoxynivalenol: Mechanisms of action, human exposure, and toxicological relevanceArch. Toxicol.84(9)663-679(2010)

3-Acetyldeoxy nivalenol-13C17is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 3-acetyldeoxy nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. 3-Acetyldeoxy nivalenol is a mycotoxin that has been found inF. graminearum.1In vivo, 3-acetyldeoxy nivalenol (40 mg kg) induces duodenal and splenic cell necrosis, as well as lethality (LD50= 70 mg kg) in mice.2 1.Jiao, F., Kawakami, A., and Nakajima, T.Effects of different carbon sources on trichothecene production and Tri gene expression by Fusarium graminearum in liquid cultureFEMS Microbiol.Lett.285(2)212-219(2008) 2.Schiefer, H.B., Nicholson, S., Kasali, O.B., et al.Pathology of acute 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol toxicity in miceCan. J. Comp. Med.49(3)315-318(1985)

13C15-Nivalenol is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. Nivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has been found inFusarium.1It is lethal to mice (LD50= 6.9 mg kg).2Nivalenol (5, 10, and 15 mg kg) also induces thymic, splenic, and Peyer's patch cell apoptosis in mice.3 1.Yang, Z., Concannon, J., Ng, K.S., et al.Tetrandrine identified in a small molecule screen to activate mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced immunomodulationSci. Rep.630263(2016) 2.Yoshizawa, T., and Morooka, N.Studies on the toxic substances in the infected cereals (part 3): Acute toxicities of new trichothecene mycotoxins: Deoxynivalenol and its monoacetateJ. Food Hyg.15(4)261-269(1974) 3.Poapolathep, A., Ohtsuka, R., Kiatipattanasakul, W., et al.Nivalenol-induced apoptosis in thymus, spleen and Peyer's patches of miceExp. Toxicol. Pathol.53(6)441-446(2002)