UDP-N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine is a natural nucleotide sugar that is used by glycosyltransferases to transfer N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues to substrates.1It is an important component of antibiotic biosynthesis pathways in fungi and lipopolysaccharide production in bacteria.2,3 1.Roseman, S.Reflections on glycobiologyJ. Biol. Chem.276(45)41527-41542(2001) 2.Kudo, F., and Eguchi, T.Biosynthetic genes for aminoglycoside antibioticsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)62(9)471-481(2009) 3.Mulrooney, E.F., Poon, K.K., McNally, D.J., et al.Biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-L-fucosamine, a precursor to the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O11J. Biol. Chem.280(20)19535-19542(2005)
D-Glucosamine-6-sulfate is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. It activates the glmS ribozyme from B. subtilis, a Gram-positive bacterium, when used at a concentration of 200 μM. It has been used to form polyvalent dendrimer conjugates that inhibit angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation induced by FGF-2 in vitro and prevent scar tissue formation in a rabbit model of glaucoma surgery.