corticotropin-releasing factor

Corticotropin-releasing factor (human) acetate 刺激垂体前叶合成和分泌促肾上腺皮质激素。

Human CRF acetate is a chemical compound that effectively stimulates the synthesis and secretion of adrenocorticotropin in the anterior pituitary.

Corticotropin-releasing factor human (Human CRF; Human corticotropin-releasing factor) is an immunomodulatory neuropeptide that releases ACTH from the anterior pituitary and stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla.

α-Helical Corticotropin Releasing Factor (9-41) 为corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)的拮抗剂，具有降低体内血浆生长激素(GH)水平的功能。

a-Helical Corticotropin Releasing Factor (12-41)，一种含有30个氨基酸的α螺旋促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子/激素类似物。作为下丘脑激素的促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 (CRF) 能促进肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 分泌，而a-Helical Corticotropin Releasing Factor (12-41) 则抑制该刺激效应。

[DPro5] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, human, rat 是人类和大鼠促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子/激素 R2 的选择性激动剂。作为一种下丘脑激素，促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 (CRF) 能够促进肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 和 β-内啡肽的分泌。值得注意的是，[DPro5] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, human, rat 并不触发典型的焦虑反应，而是能调控大鼠的学习与记忆过程。

[Met(O)21] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, ovine 是一种从绵羊下丘脑提取物中分离出的促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)。该因子为一类下丘脑激素，主要功能为促进肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)的分泌。

[Tyr0] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, ovine 是从绵羊分离的促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子/激素。该因子（CRF）为下丘脑激素，能激发促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）及β-内啡肽的释放。

Urocortin, human (Human urocortin I) 是由 40 个氨基酸组成的神经多肽，是选择性 CRF2受体激动剂，作用于 hCRF1(Ki:0.4 nM)、rCRF2α(Ki:0.3 nM)、 mCRF2β(Ki:0.5 nM)。

CRF, bovine, is a potent agonist of the CRF receptor and displaces [125I-Tyr]ovine CRF with a Ki of 3.52 nM.

Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011). Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4 References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011).

Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004). Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2 References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004).

CRF(6-33)(human) TFA 是一种 CRF 结合蛋白配体 (CRF-BP) 抑制剂，与CRF-BP 竞争性结合，但不与突触后 CRF 受体结合。CRF(6-33)(human) TFA 具有抗肥胖作用。

Urocortin II, mouse 是一种选择性的 2 型促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 (CRF2) 受体内源性多肽激动剂，对CRFR2和CRFR1的Ki 值分别为 0.66 nM 和 ﹥100 nM。Urocortin II, mouse 通过以 cAMP/PKA 和 Ca2+/CaMKII 依赖性方式激活 CRF2 受体。Urocortin II, mouse 在中枢神经系统的离散区域表达，并激活参与内脏感觉信息处理和调节自主神经外流的中枢神经元。

Urocortin III (human) 是一种促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 (CRF) 相关肽。Urocortin III (human) 优先结合并激活CRF-R2，并且具有离散的中枢神经系统和外周分布。Urocortin III (human) 选择性结合 2 型 CRF 受体，mCRF2β、rCRF2α 和 hCRF1 的Ki 值分别为 13.5、21.7 和 >100 nM。Urocortin III (human) 介导Insulin(human) 分泌的生长抑素依赖性负反馈控制。

(Tyr0)-Urocortin, rat 是针对促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子受体1型(CRF-R1)和2型(CRF-R2)的高亲和力激动剂，其抑制结合常数(Ki)为1-2 nM。

[Asu1,6-Arg8]Vasopressin 是一种加压素 (vasopressin) 激动剂，可增强培养的大鼠垂体前叶细胞中由促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 (CRF) 诱导的环AMP 积累和ACTH 释放。

(D-Phe12,Nle21,38,α-Me-Leu37)-CRF (12-41) (human, rat) 作为一种CRF拮抗剂，能有效阻断IL-1a诱发的黄体生成素 (LH) 抑制作用。

α-Helical CRF (9-41) 是一种合成的皮质酮释放因子（CRF）拮抗剂。它在0.5至5 µM浓度范围内，能抑制CRF诱导的大鼠前叶垂体细胞释放促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）。在体内研究中，α-Helical CRF (9-41) (0.02-0.6 µmol/kg) 能够抑制未经麻醉的完整大鼠体内CRF诱导的ACTH释放，并在0.6 µmol/kg剂量下抑制大鼠应激诱导的ACTH释放。此外，α-Helical CRF (9-41) 在尼古丁诱导的条件性焦虑大鼠模型中增加社交互动时间，并减少小鼠的类似暴饮暴食的乙醇消费。

K 41498 是一种针对皮质酮释放因子受体2α（CRF2α）和CRF2β的肽拮抗剂，其在表达人类受体的HEK293细胞中的Ki值分别为0.66和0.62 nM。它对CRF2α和CRF2β具有选择性，与CRF1相比（在表达人类受体的HEK293细胞中Ki值为425 nM）。K 41498 (1.84 µg/动物, 静脉注射) 能够阻止大鼠由于尿催肾上腺皮质激素引发的低血压。通过脊髓内给药，K 41498 (0.075-0.5 µmol/动物) 能降低完全弗氏佐剂引起的大鼠模型中机械性爪撤回阈值。

Vasopressin (argipressin) 是一种由下丘脑神经元合成的环状九肽，是肽原激素合成中的一种激素。Vasopressin 参与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴调节过程，增加无溶质水从肾小管的滤液中重新吸收回循环中的量，收缩小动脉提高压强，增强促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子的刺激作用调节垂体促肾上腺皮质激素分泌。Vasopressin 在神经传导过程中可作为神经递质，与特定的 G 蛋白偶联受体结合发挥作用。

CRF, bovine (TFA) is a potent agonist of CRF receptor, and displaces [125I-Tyr]ovine CRF with a Ki of 3.52 nM.CRF, bovine is a potent agonist of CRF receptor, and displaces [125I-Tyr]ovine CRF with a Ki of 3.52 nM[1]. CRF shows pEC50s of 11.16, 8.53 and 8

Astressin acetate 是促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 (CRF) 的拮抗剂，对 CRF 结合蛋白具有低亲和力，对克隆垂体受体具有高亲和力 (Ki = 2 nM)。

Urocortin III, mouse TFA is a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptide. Urocortin III preferentially binds and activates CRF-R2. Urocortin III (Ucn3) is a known component of the behavioral stress response system. Urocortin III and CRF-R2 in th