complex-iv

TMPD dihydrochloride 是酶促转化氧化还原的活性底物和用于还原血红素过氧化物酶的电子供体。

Talabostat (PT100, Val-boroPro) is a potent, nonselective and orally available dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with a Ki of 0.18 nM. Talabostat is a nonselective DPP-IV inhibitor, inhibiting DPP8 9, FAP, DPP2 and some other DASH family enzymes essentially as potently as it inhibits DPP-IV[1]. Talabostat stimulates the immune system by triggering a proinflammatory form of cell death in monocytes and macrophages known as pyroptosis. The inhibition of two serine proteases, DPP8 and DPP9, activates the proprotein form of caspase-1 independent of the inflammasome adaptor ASC[2]. Talabostat competitively inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) activity of FAP and CD26 DPP-IV, and there is a high-affinity interaction with the catalytic site due to the formation of a complex between Ser630 624 and the boron of talabostat[3]. Talabostat can stimulate immune responses against tumors involving both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system. In WEHI 164 fibrosarcoma and EL4 and A20 2J lymphoma models, PT-100 causes regression and rejection of tumors. The antitumor effect appears to involve tumor-specific CTL and protective immunological memory. Talabostat treatment of WEHI 164-inoculated mice increases mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines known to promote T-cell priming and chemoattraction of T cells and innate effector cells[3]. Talabostat treated mice show significant less fibrosis and FAP expression is reduced. Upon PT100 treatment, significant differences in the MMP-12, MIP-1α, and MCP-3 mRNA expression levels in the lungs are also observed. Treatment with PT100 in this murine model of pulmonary fibrosis has an anti-fibro-proliferative effect and increases macrophage activation[4]. [1]. Connolly BA, et al. Dipeptide boronic acid inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: determinants of potencyand in vivo efficacy and safety. J Med Chem. 2008 Oct 9;51(19):6005-13. [2]. Okondo MC, et al. DPP8 and DPP9 inhibition induces pro-caspase-1-dependent monocyte and macrophage pyroptosis. Nat Chem Biol. 2017 Jan;13(1):46-53. [3]. Adams S, et al. PT-100, a small molecule dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor, has potent antitumor effects and augments antibody-mediated cytotoxicity via a novel immune mechanism. Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 1;64(15):5471-80. [4]. Egger C, et al. Effects of the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor, PT100, in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2017 Aug 15;809:64-72.

FMP 是一种铂 (IV) 络合物，能显著上调γ-H2AX和p53的表达，并增加ROS的产生。FMP 促进凋亡 (Apoptosis) 相关蛋白（DR5、Fas、caspase-8、Cyt-c、caspase-3、cleaved-PARP1和Bax）的表达，在乳腺癌中表现出抗增殖活性。

DPP，一种含紫檀芪衍生轴向配体的铂(IV)络合物，能够抑制乳腺癌(BC)细胞的JAK2-STAT3通路并显示出抗增殖特性。它通过激活caspase-3和裂解聚ADP-核糖聚合酶诱导细胞凋亡(apoptosis)，同时促进树突状细胞成熟及抗原呈现功能，并已证明体内具有安全性。

STAT3-IN-18 (compound SPP)，一种带紫檀芪衍生轴向配体的铂(IV)络合物，能抑制乳腺癌(BC)细胞的JAK2-STAT3通路，显示出抗增殖活性。它激活caspase-3和裂解聚ADP-核糖聚合酶，诱导apoptosis。此外，STAT3-IN-18可促进树突状细胞成熟与抗原呈递，体现了良好的体内安全性。

HP661是一种针对线粒体复合物I（也称为NADH脱氢酶）的抑制剂，对复合物I具有选择性，以1 µM的浓度抑制其77.6%，而对复合物III抑制率为28.1%，对复合物II和IV则无抑制作用。HP661特异性降低具有高水平氧化磷酸化作用的人类肺癌细胞H460、NCI H441及对trametinib耐药的A549细胞的生存能力（IC50分别为10.6、29.7和15.1 nM），相较于氧化磷酸化水平低的NCI H358人类肺癌细胞（IC50 >10,000 nM）以及非癌性人类胰腺正常上皮细胞（HPNE）和MRC-5人类胎肺成纤维细胞（两者的IC50均>10,000 nM）。当以每天两次，每次30 mg/kg的剂量给药时，HP661在H460小鼠异种移植模型中减少肿瘤体积，并对trametinib引导的肿瘤生长减少产生加成效应。