coenzyme a

Coenzyme A 是所有活细胞中必需的辅助因子，由泛酸，三磷酸腺苷和半胱氨酸合成的。Coenzyme A 与过氧化物酶 5 共价结合导致其过氧化物酶活性完全抑制，通过 DTT 还原能够逆转。Coenzyme A 及其硫酯衍生物是主要分解代谢，合成代谢途径和基因表达调控的关键参与者。

Linoleoyl-coenzyme A is a substrate used to investigate the specificity and kinetics of acyl-CoA.

Pentanoyl Coenzyme A (pentanoyl-CoA) Free acid 是短链脂肪酰辅酶 A，也是 3-氧代丙酰辅酶 A 的代谢产物。

Lauroyl-coenzyme A can function as an acyl group carrier, acetyl-CoA. It can be used as an intermediate in lipid metabolism and is involved in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid transport.

Myristoyl coenzyme A (myristoyl-CoA) is a derivative of CoA that contains the long-chain fatty acid myristic acid . It is a substrate for N-myristoyltransferase during myristoylation, a process that adds a myristoyl group to proteins either during translation to modify protein activity or post-translationally in apoptotic cells. It is also a substrate in the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylinositol .

Acetoacetyl Coenzyme A sodium hydrate (Acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate) 是聚-β-羟基丁酸酯的前体，与机体能量代谢紧密相关，缺乏会诱导代谢疾病 。

Isobutyryl coenzyme A (isobutyryl-CoA) is a short-chain branched acyl CoA. Isobutyryl-CoA is a substrate for isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IBDH) in the catabolism of valine and an intermediate in the synthesis of isobutyryl-L-carnitine , which accumulates in IBDH deficiency.

Ethylmalonyl coenzyme A (CoA) is a key intermediate in the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway for carbon metabolism in certain bacteria, such asM. extorquens, which uses this pathway when grown on ethylamine.1,2It is produced from crotonyl-CoA by crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase and modified by ethylmalonyl-CoA mutase to make methylsuccinyl-CoA. 1.Good, N.M., Martinez-Gomez, N.C., Beck, D.A.C., et al.Ethylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase operates as a metabolic control point in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1J. Bacteriol.197(4)727-735(2015) 2.Anthony, C.How half a century of research was required to understand bacterial growth on C1 and C2 compounds; the story of the serine cycle and the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathwaySci. Prog.94(Pt 2)109-137(2011)

Methylmalonyl coenzyme A (methylmalonyl-CoA) is an intermediate in multiple metabolic pathways in bacteria and eukaryotes.1,2,3It is an intermediate in carbon assimilation in certain bacteria and carbon fixation in plants.1,2Methylmalonyl-CoA is converted to succinyl-CoA by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase with vitamin B12as a coenzyme.3A deficiency in vitamin B12leads to a build-up of methylmalonyl-CoA.4 1.Anthony, C.How half a century of research was required to understand bacterial growth on C1 and C2 compounds; the story of the serine cycle and the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathwaySci. Prog.94(Pt 2)109-137(2011) 2.Tabita, F.R.The hydroxypropionate pathway of CO2 fixation: Fait accompliProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.106(50)21015-21016(2009) 3.Medicine, I.o.Vitamin B12Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline306-356(1998) 4.Cardinale, G.J., Carty, T.J., and Abeles, R.H.Effect of methylmalonyl coenzyme A, a metabolite which accumulates in vitamin B12 deficiency, on fatty acid synthesisJ. Biol. Chem.245(15)3771-3775(1970)

Phenylacetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is a key intermediate in aerobic catabolism of phenylacetate in bacteria such asPseudomonas, when cultured in minimal media using phenylacetate as the sole carbon source.1It is a precursor in the synthesis of the antibiotic penicillin G found in industrial strains ofP. chrysogenum. Phenylacetyl-CoA also acts as an effector molecule of the TetR family transcriptional repressor PaaR inT. thermophilusand the GntR family transcriptional regulator PaaX inE. coliandPseudomonas, binding to each protein to induce derepression of various genes.2

Cyclohexanoyl coenzyme A (CHCoA) is an acyl CoA that contains a cyclohexane group. It is the activated form of cyclohexane carboxylic acid (CHC) in R. palustris. CHC is converted to CHCoA by a succinyl-CoA CHC CoA transferase, and CHCoA is then degraded by a dehydrogenase. CHCoA is converted to hippuric acid in submitochondrial fractions isolated from guinea pig liver.

Octanoyl coenzyme A lithium 是一种脂肪酸酰基辅酶 A 的衍生物。Octanoyl coenzyme A lithium 能够抑制柠檬酸合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶 (IC50: 0.4-1.6 mM)。

Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) lithium 是一种膜非渗透性的中枢代谢中间体，参与 TCA 循环和氧化磷酸化代谢过程。Acetyl-coenzyme A lithium 通过向目标氨基酸残基提供乙酰基团，来完成蛋白质的翻译后乙酰化反应，从而调节各种细胞机制。Acetyl Coenzyme A lithium 也是脂质合成的关键前体。

Acetyl coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) 是连接多种细胞代谢途径的枢纽分子，参与三羧酸循环、脂肪酸合成和氧化磷酸化代谢等等，调节各种细胞代谢机制和反映细胞能量状态。

Lauroyl coenzyme A lithium salt 是一种辅酶 A。辅酶 A 作为酰基载体，即乙酰辅酶 A。十二烷酰辅酶 A (C12-CoA) 是一种长链 (C-12) 饱和脂肪酰辅酶 A，用作脂质代谢的中间体，参与脂质生物合成和脂肪酸转运。月桂酰辅酶 A 是底物用于 FAM34A 蛋白和萤火虫荧光素酶的产物。

β-Methylcrotonyl coenzyme A lithium，作为亮氨酸代谢的中间体，可用于研究β-甲基巴豆酰辅酶 A 羧化酶（MCCase）的特异性及动力学，用作底物。

DL-β-Hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A lithium，是丁酸发酵以及赖氨酸和色氨酸代谢过程中的中间体，通过β-羟基丁酸经短链-CoA 合成酶作用生成。

Arachidonoyl coenzyme A lithium是一种由辅酶A的硫醇基与花生四烯酸的羧基缩合生成的不饱和脂肪酰基辅酶A。

Decanoyl coenzyme A (Decanoyl CoA) 是 Mycobacterium smegmat 中脂肪酸延伸系统的引物。

Acetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium 是重要内源性代谢物，在pH 7.5时其Km值达1.10 mM，主要用于磷酸转丁基酶 (PTB) 与poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) 的合成。

Acyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACS)，一种生化研究中常用的酶，主要通过两步硫酯化反应激活脂肪酸与辅酶A结合，形成酰基辅酶A。该过程为脂质代谢中的多种合成与分解代谢途径，以及参与TCA循环中的有氧呼吸提供了关键中间物。

Oleoyl coenzyme A lithium (Oleoyl-CoA lithium) 是油酸和辅酶A的硫酯，是一种高效的 h15-LOX-2 变构抑制剂，抑制 h12-LOX 和 h15-LOX-2，可用于研究代谢疾病和心血管疾病。

Glutaryl coenzyme A lithium为Glutaryl coenzyme A的衍生物，后者为一重要内源性代谢物。该化合物常应用于HMG-CoA及Glutaryl coenzyme A相关实验。

Myristoyl coenzyme A lithium 为含锂标记的 Myristoyl coenzyme A (CoA)，关键参与病毒生物学中N-肉豆蔻酰转移酶 (NMT) 控制的肉豆蔻酰化过程。NMT 在结肠上皮肿瘤细胞中相较正常细胞展现出更高的活性。已知，还原形态的 CoA 是调控 NMT 活性的主要因素，反之氧化态的 CoA 则抑制 NMT 促进的肉豆蔻酰化。因此，Myristoyl coenzyme A 表现出通过阻断肉豆蔻酰化过程的潜在抗癌和抗病毒作用。