cereals

5-Heneicosylresorcinol 对 RBL-2H3 细胞中 β-己糖胺酶的释放具有抑制作用，它还可以防止 3T3-L1 细胞中甘油三酯的积累。它对红线虫、秀丽隐杆线虫和松材线虫具有杀线虫活性，ED50 值分别为 80、30 和 180 ug/mL。

Indole-3-methanamine 已在大麦、谷物和谷物产品中检测到，但未量化。

Mesosulfuron-methyl (Mesosulfuronmethyl Mesosulfuron methyl) 是一种内吸性除草剂。用于谷类中禾本科杂草的出苗后防治。

Clodinafop-propargyl是一种丙酸芳氧苯氧基（AOPP）类的芽后除草剂，抑制acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)，用于一年生禾本科杂草。

Mesoxalate sodium (monohydrate) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

2-Benzoxazolinone (2-Hydroxybenzoxazole) 存在于黑麦幼苗中，是一种抗利什曼原虫试剂，抗 L. donovani 的 LC50为40 μg/mL。它的衍生物具有抗微生物活性，可针对一系列的革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌。

γ-Hexalactone (γ-caprolactone) 是一种存在成熟水果中的 gamma 内酯。它会导致 DNA 损伤，可用作对氧磷酶 1 的底物 (PON1)。

Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole) 是由黄化豌豆幼苗的粗酶制剂氧化降解IAA 的产物，是一种卷心菜提取物。它可用于制备吲哚类植物抗毒素环芸香素类似物。

15-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol is a highly toxic trichothecene found in cereals and exhibits toxicity to HepG2 cells.

Pirimicarb是一种速效选择性氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂，可广泛应用于谷物、甜菜、马铃薯、水果和蔬菜等作物，通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）发挥作用，并兼具杀螨特性。

Imazamethabenz is a herbicide. Imazamethabenz-methyl is used on cereals and sunflowers, especially against wild oat. Activity and selectivity are due to differential de-esterification to the active parent acid in target and crop species.

Prosulfocarb, a thiocarbamate herbicide, is widely used in winter cereals.

13C15-Nivalenol is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. Nivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has been found inFusarium.1It is lethal to mice (LD50= 6.9 mg kg).2Nivalenol (5, 10, and 15 mg kg) also induces thymic, splenic, and Peyer's patch cell apoptosis in mice.3 1.Yang, Z., Concannon, J., Ng, K.S., et al.Tetrandrine identified in a small molecule screen to activate mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced immunomodulationSci. Rep.630263(2016) 2.Yoshizawa, T., and Morooka, N.Studies on the toxic substances in the infected cereals (part 3): Acute toxicities of new trichothecene mycotoxins: Deoxynivalenol and its monoacetateJ. Food Hyg.15(4)261-269(1974) 3.Poapolathep, A., Ohtsuka, R., Kiatipattanasakul, W., et al.Nivalenol-induced apoptosis in thymus, spleen and Peyer's patches of miceExp. Toxicol. Pathol.53(6)441-446(2002)

HT-2 toxin-13C22is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of HT-2 toxin by GC- or LC-MS. HT-2 toxin is a type A trichothecene mycotoxin and an active, deacetylated metabolite of the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin .1,2Like T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin inhibits protein synthesis and cell proliferation in plants.2HT-2 toxin also reduces viability of HepG2, A549, HEp-2, Caco-2, A-204, U937, Jurkat, and RPMI-8226 cancer cells with IC50values ranging from 3.1 to 23 ng/ml and human umbilical vein endothelial cells with an IC50value of 56.4 ng/ml.1It induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and autophagy in, as well as halts the development of, cultured mouse embryos when used at a concentration of 10 nM.3HT-2 toxin has been found in cereal grains and food products.4,5 1.Nielsen, C., Casteel, M., Didier, A., et al.Trichothecene-induced cytotoxicity on human cell linesMycotoxin Res.25(2)77-84(2009) 2.Nathanail, A.V., Varga, E., Meng-Reiterer, J., et al.Metabolism of the fusarium mycotoxins T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in wheatJ. Agric. Food Chem.63(35)7862-7872(2015) 3.Zhang, L., Li, L., Xu, J., et al.HT-2 toxin exposure induces mitochondria dysfunction and DNA damage during mouse early embryo developmentReprod. Toxicol.85104-109(2019) 4.Langseth, W., and Rundberget, T.The occurrence of HT-2 toxin and other trichothecenes in Norwegian cerealsMycopathologia147(3)157-165(1999) 5.Al-Taher, F., Cappozzo, J., Zweigenbaum, J., et al.Detection and quantitation of mycotoxins in infant cereals in the U.S. market by LC-MS/MS using a stable isotope dilution assayFood Control72(Part A)27-35(2017)

Imidacloprid-urea 是吡虫啉的次级代谢产物。吡虫啉是一种有效且广泛使用的新烟碱类化合物，对谷物，蔬菜，茶叶和棉花的害虫具有抑制作用。Imidacloprid-urea 可以占据或阻断吡虫啉在土壤上的吸附位点，从而可能影响吡虫啉在环境中的去向、转运和生物利用度。

Aflatoxin G1是一种由黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）和寄生曲霉（Aspergillus parasiticus）产生的霉菌毒素，具有肝毒性、致畸性、免疫抑制性和致癌性,主要存在于受污染的谷物中。黄曲霉毒素 G1可抑制RNA聚合酶活性，影响RNA和蛋白质合成，并对肝脏和肾脏造成损伤.

(±)-Enterodiol，Enterodiol的外消旋体，由人体肠道细菌从全麦谷物、坚果、豆类、亚麻籽及蔬菜中的木脂素转化而来。此化合物对结直肠癌(CRC)细胞显示出凋亡作用，表现出抗癌活性。

Ergotaminine属于麦角生物碱，是由麦角菌（Claviceps purpurea）等真菌在谷物和草类生长过程中产生的。

1-(Furan-2-yl)propan-1-one属于芳基烷基酮类有机化合物。1-(Furan-2-yl)propan-1-one存在于多种食物中，包括马铃薯 、早餐谷物、水果、黑莓及常绿黑莓（Rubus laciniatus）。