Myrtenal is a natural monoterpene. It is found to attenuate diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats by stabilizing intrinsic antioxidants and modulating apoptotic and anti-apoptotic cascades. Myrtenal also inhibits acetylcholinesterase
PBD-BODIPY is a probe for the spectrophotometric measurement of autoxidation reactions. Co-autoxidation of the PBD-BODIPY signal carrier and a hydrocarbon co-substrate can be quantified by monitoring loss of absorbance at 591 nm. PBD-BODIPY has been used to measure the activity of radical-trapping antioxidants in cell-free assays. It has also been used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of epoxidation activity.
AAPH is a water-soluble azo compound which is used extensively as a free radical generator, often in the study of lipid peroxidation and the characterization of antioxidants.[1],[2],[3],[4] Decomposition of AAPH produces molecular nitrogen and 2 carbon radicals. The carbon radicals may combine to produce stable products or react with molecular oxygen to give peroxyl radicals. The half-life of AAPH is about 175 hours (37°C at neutral pH), making the rate of free radical generation essentially constant during the first several hours in solution.[5] While AAPH may be used effectively for lipid peroxidation in aqueous dispersions of fatty acids, other radical generators may be better suited for peroxidation studies in lipid micelles or membranes.[6],[7]
Shinorine, a mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA), is a small molecule sunscreen produced in some bacteria. Shinorine ameliorates chromium induced toxicity in zebrafish hepatocytes through the facultative activation of Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway. Shinorine is also an analogue of porphyra-344. Both porphyra-334 and shinorine are antioxidants and direct antagonists of Keap1-Nrf2 binding. Shinorine may be a useful agent to prevent or retard the progression of multiple degenerative disorders of ageing. Shinorine is a demethyl-analog of Porphyra 334.