Huntington’s disease

A-971432 is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) agonist that is selective for S1P5 over S1P1 and S1P3 (IC50s = 0.006, 0.362, and >10 µM, respectively). It inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP production in CHO cells expressing S1P5 (EC50 = 4.1 nM). A-971432 (1 µM) increases electrical resistance of hCMEC D3 cells in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model, indicating enhanced barrier integrity, and attenuates blood-brain barrier leakage in an R6 2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease when administered at a dose of 0.1 mg kg.[1] [2] A-971432 (0.1 mg kg per day, i.p.) decreases the number of errors made in a horizontal ladder task and increases latency to fall in the rotarod test in R6 2 mice. It also increases spontaneous alternation in the t-maze in aged mice when administered at a dose of 0.1 mg kg.[1] References [1].Hobson, A.D., Harris, C.M., van der Kam, E.L., et al. Discovery of A-971432, an orally bioavailable selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) agonist for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. J. Med. Chem. 58(23), 9154-9170 (2015).[2]. Di Pardo, A., Castaldo, S., Amico, E., et al. Stimulation of S1PR5 with A-971432, a selective agonist, preserves blood-brain barrier integrity and exerts therapeutic effect in an animal model of Huntington’s disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 27(14), 2490-2501 (2018).

Dyrk1A-IN-3 (Compound 8b) 是双特异性酪氨酸调节激酶 1A (DYRK1A) 的高选择性抑制剂。Dyrk1A-IN-3与 DYRK1A 结合具有高结合亲和力，IC50值为76 nM。Dyrk1A-IN-3可用于研究神经退行性疾病，例如，阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病和帕金森病等。

SEN177 在亨廷顿病的研究中显示出潜力。它是谷氨酰胺环化酶 (QPCT) 的有效抑制剂，对谷氨酰胺肽环转移酶 (QPCTL) 的 IC50值为 0.013 μM。SEN177 对人谷氨酰胺环化酶 (hQC) 的 Ki 值为 20 nM。SEN177 显著降低了突变 HTT 寡聚化的早期阶段，并降低了具有 Q80 聚集体的神经元的百分比。

AC-VEID-CHO (TFA) 是一种源自多肽的半胱天冬酶抑制剂，针对Caspase-6、Caspase-3和Caspase-7展示出优异的抑制效果，其IC50值分别为16.2 nM、13.6 nM和162.1 nM。该化合物常用于研究阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病等神经退行性疾病。

PMX-53是一种大环型补体5a (C5a) 类肽模拟物及C5a受体的拮抗剂（IC50 = 0.3 µM）。它能抑制C5a诱导的人类分离性多形核白细胞（PMNs）中的髓过氧化物酶（MPO）分泌。在大鼠腹膜亚瑟斯反应模型中，PMX-53（10 mg kg, p.o.）能够抑制血管渗漏、多形核白细胞浸润以及腹膜TNF-α和IL-6的产生。在3-硝基丙酸（3-NP）诱导的亨廷顿病大鼠模型中，它能减少体重损失和厌食，抑制纹状体退化。PMX-53（3 mg kg）还能在ApoE- -小鼠中减小动脉粥样硬化斑块大小和脂质含量。

AC-VEID-CHO是从多肽衍生的半胱天冬酶抑制剂，它对Caspase-6、Caspase-3和Caspase-7显示出抑制效果，其IC50值分别达到16.2 nM、13.6 nM和162.1 nM。同时，此化合物对VEIDase的抑制IC50值为0.49 µM。AC-VEID-CHO主要用于神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病和亨廷顿病的相关研究。