vehicle

Phosphatidylcholines,soya (Soybean phosphatidylcholine) 是从大豆中提取的磷脂酰胆碱，可作为动物给药的载体，可用于脂质体的制备。

D-Lin-MC3-DMA 是一种递送 siRNA 载体，是一种可离子化的氨基脂质类化合物。

5A2-SC8 是一种可电离阳离子的脂质，是小 RNA 传递的理想载体，能够与带负电荷的细胞膜相互作用，可用于基因传递和药物输送。

HP-β-CD (HP-β-CD) 是一种药物递送载体，可提高稳定性和利用度。

Polyoxyl 10 oleyl ether is an emulsifying agent. It is used as vehicle for organic compunds in aqueous solutions.

PZ-285 is a potent anticancer agent with similar antitumor activity to the clinically active agent Dox. Pz 285 improves survival, inhibits primary tumor regrowth, and inhibits lung tumor metastasis compared to vehicle control animals.

ML 23 is a melatonin analogue in the treatment and management of Parkinson's disease. ML-23 is a potential clinical candidate for the treatment of PD, and the present study has been undertaken to determine the efficacy of ML-23 in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl, 1

Ensartinib(X-396)是一种有效和具有口服活性的ALK MET双重抑制剂，恩沙替尼可用于治疗ALK阳性的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)。

OPC-167832 is a potent and orally active dprE1 Inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.258 μM. OPC-167832 has antituberculosis activity and can be used for the research of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis[1]. OPC-167832 exhibits very low MICs against laboratory strains of M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC: 0.0005 μg ml) and Kurono (MIC: 0.0005 μg ml) and strains with monoresistance to rifampin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), streptomycin (STR), and pyrazinamide (PZA) (MIC: 0.00024-0.001 μg ml). However, OPC-167832 has minimal or no activity against standard strains of nonmycobacterial aerobic and anaerobic bacteria[1].The IC90 values of OPC-167832 against intracellular M. tuberculosis strains H37Rv and Kurono are 0.0048 and 0.0027 μg ml, respectively. OPC-167832 shows bactericidal activity against intracellular M. tuberculosis at a low concentration, and the bactericidal activity is saturated at concentrations of 0.004 μg ml or higher[1]. OPC-167832 (oral administration; 0.625-10 mg kg) exhibits a good pharmacokinetic characteristic. The plasma reaches peak at 0.5 h to 1.0 h (tmax) and is eliminated with a half-life (t1 2) of 1.3 h to 2.1 h OPC-167832 distribution in the lungs is approximately 2 times higher than that in plasma, and the Cmax and AUCt of OPC-167832 in plasma and the lungs shows dose dependency[1].OPC-167832 (oral administration; 0.625-10 mg kg; 4 weeks) significantly reduces lung CFU compared to the vehicle group. The dose-dependent decrease of lung CFU is observed from 0.625 mg kg to 2.5 mg kg. In a M. tuberculosis Kurono-infected ICR female mice model. OPC-167832 combines with DMD, BDQ, or LVX via oral gavage exhibits significantly higher efficacies than each single agent alone[1].[1].OPC-167832 (oral gavage; 2.5 mg kg; combination with DCMB; 12 weeks) demonstrates the most potent efficacy when compares with DC, DCB. The lung CFU count after 6 weeks of treatment is below the detection limit, and at the end of just 8 weeks of treatment, the bacteria in the lungs of all the evaluated mice had already been eradicate[1]. [1]. Norimitsu Hariguchi, et al. OPC-167832, a Novel Carbostyril Derivative with Potent Antituberculosis Activity as a DprE1 Inhibitor.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 May 21;64(6):e02020-19.

The truncated glucagon-like peptides GLP-1(7-37) is naturally occurring peptide product of the preproglucagon gene that are synthesized primarily in the intestine and acts as incretin that are released from the intestine into the bloodstream in response to food and stimulate insulin secretion. GLP-1(7-37) produced a dose-related enhancement of the glucose-stimulated increase in plasma insulin concentration and an increased rate of glucose infusion in Sprague-Dawley Rats at a dosing rang of 0.5, 5, or 50 pmol min kg. Further, infusion of GLP-1(7-37) for 60 mins produced a small transitory increase in plasma insulin concentration in fasted rats and fed rats and a slight transitory decrease in plasma glucose concentration. Moreover, GLP-1(7-37) (5 pmol min kg IV) infusion for 6 h in Sprague-Dawley rats produced a sustained increase in plasma insulin concentration relative to levels in rats infused with vehicle[1].

KD-3010 is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist potentially for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. KD-3010 dramatically ameliorates liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) injections. Deposition of extracellular matrix proteins was lower in the KD3010-treated group than in the vehicle- or GW501516-treated group. Interestingly, profibrogenic connective tissue growth factor was induced significantly by GW501516, but not by KD-3010, following CCl(4) treatment.

Cipamfylline is a xanthine, a theophylline analogue, and is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE-4). Cipamfylline was tested in patients with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and in two human models of acute and chronic irritant contact dermatitis. The outcome of the study revealed that cipamfylline was more effective than vehicle in treating atopic dermatitis, but less effective than a group II steroid, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate both in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. The absorption of cipamfylline and the subsequent systemic exposure might be the reason why further clinical studies with higher doses of cipamfylline have not been published.

Linoleyl methane sulfonate 可作为选择性的脂质载体，用于药物递送系统。

BGTC 是一种非氨基酸阳离子脂质。BGTC 可用于核酸递送。

18:1 PEG-PE 是一种聚乙二醇 磷脂酰乙醇胺偶联物，可用于活性分子输送。

Penetratin-Arg 是一种抗菌剂 (antimicrobial)，用于活性分子输送载体。

INX-SM-6适用于靶向输送抗炎药物。它能在PBMCS细胞中抑制LPS引发的IL-1β产生。

Nab-Paclitaxel为一种Paclitaxel纳米颗粒与白蛋白结合的制剂，展现出较高的疗效及耐受性。通过利用白蛋白传递Paclitaxel，Abraxane形成优异的药代动力学特性。

A12-Iso5-2DC18，一种电离性阳离子脂质，有效作为mRNA脂质传递载体。

mPEG-CHO (MW 350) 能形成三维多孔支架，并在携带活性物质时充当递送载体。其上的 -CHO 官能团与壳聚糖链的 -NH2 官能团发生相互作用，生成戊二醛型加合物，从而实现 mPEG 的功能化。此功能化与交联过程可左右递送系统的刚性，使交联的共轭系统具备缓释功能。

mPEG-CHO (MW 10000) 形成的三维多孔支架能携带活性物质作为递送载体。它的 -CHO 官能团与壳聚糖链的 -NH2 官能团相互作用，进而形成戊二醛型加合物，使 mPEG 功能化。这种功能化和交联会影响递送系统的刚性，使其获得缓释功能。

DSPE-PEG-FITC, MW 2000，是一种结合了荧光素的聚乙二醇脂质，用于制备脂质体以作为靶向药物递送的载体。FITC作为绿色染料，具有在494 nm的峰值吸收和在520 nm的最大发射，可用于生物样品或纳米颗粒的染色。

DOPE-PEG-Mal (MW 5000) 是一种磷脂，因其出色的生物相容性和显著的两亲性特征，使其成为药物配方中理想的剂型或辅料，可实现更好的治疗效果。同时，DOPE-PEG-Mal (MW 5000) 适用于药物递送的研究。

Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (MW 500) 是一种经过单甲基丙烯酸酯官能化的 PEG，适用于复合材料的制备，例如 Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-壳聚糖，常用于眼部给药载体。